{"refrec":{"BRefID":366337,"RR":"<b>von Döhren, J.</b> (2011). The fate of the larval epidermis in the Desor-larva of <i>Lineus viridis</i> (Pilidiophora, Nemertea) displays a historically constrained functional shift from planktotrophy to lecithotrophy. <i>Zoomorphology 130(3)</i>: 189-196. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0131-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0131-2</a>","BEntID":364059,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zoomorphology 130(3)</i>: 189-196. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0131-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0131-2</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"von Döhren, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"von Döhren, J.","Englishabstract":"Pilidiophora constitutes a clade of nemerteans characterized by a peculiar larval type, the pilidium. A characteristic of this larva is the transitory epidermis in which the juvenile develops from imaginal discs. The primary function of this larval envelope is assumed to be feeding and dispersal. When juvenile development is complete, the larval epidermis is ruptured and swallowed by the juvenile. According to recent cladistic and molecular analyses of the Nemertea, the intracapsular Desor-larva of the sibling species <i>Lineus viridis</i> and <i>L. ruber</i> is thought to have evolved from a pelagic pilidium. The general course of development has been demonstrated to be similar to that of the pilidium, in which the juvenile forms from imaginal discs under the larval epidermis. The two <i>Lineus</i> species, however, differ in their mode of larval feeding: <i>L. ruber</i> being ootrophic and <i>L. viridis</i> being lecithotrophic. In order to elucidate the transition from the planktotrophic pilidum to lecithotrophic development, I studied the early cleavage and metamorphosis from intracapsular Desor-larva to juvenile stages in <i>L. viridis</i> from the island of Sylt, using light microscopical, electron microscopical, and fluorescent staining methods. Due to the specific cleavage pattern with equally sized 1st quartet animal blastomeres and vegetal blastomeres in <i>L. viridis</i>, the larval epidermis later contains a considerable amount of the yolk reserve. During metamorphosis, the larval epidermis is ingested by the juvenile thus displaying behavior similar to that of the pilidium larva. In contrast to the pilidium, the function of the larval epidermis of the Desor-larva has shifted from feeding and dispersal to direct food supply. Thus, the development of <i>L. viridis</i> is a perfect example for strong historical constraints that prevent ancestral larval structures from being lost.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The fate of the larval epidermis in the Desor-larva of <i>Lineus viridis</i> (Pilidiophora, Nemertea) displays a historically constrained functional shift from planktotrophy to lecithotrophy","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Larval ecology · Spiralia","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-09-04","DateCreate":"2023-09-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000293793700004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s00435-011-0131-2"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":366337,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"189-196","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"130","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44102,"SerRR":"Zoomorphology. 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