{"refrec":{"BRefID":366343,"RR":"<b>Ho, L.; Barthel, M.; Panique-Casso, D.; Vermeulen, K.; Bruneel, S.; Liu, X.; Bodé, S.; Six, J.; Boeckx, P.; Goethals, P.</b> (2023). Impact of salinity gradient, water pollution and land use types on greenhouse gas emissions from an urbanized estuary. <i>Environ. Pollut. 336</i>: 122500. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500</a>","BEntID":364065,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Pollut. 336</i>: 122500. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ho, L.; Barthel, M.; Panique-Casso, D.; Vermeulen, K.; Bruneel, S.; Liu, X.; Bodé, S.; Six, J.; Boeckx, P.; Goethals, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ho, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Estuaries have been recognized as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in aquatic systems; yet we still lack insights into the impact of both anthropogenic and natural factors on the dynamics of GHG emissions. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying drivers of the GHG emissions from the Scheldt Estuary with a focus on the effects of salinity gradient, water pollution, and land use types, together with their interaction. Overall, we found a negative impact of salinity on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions which can be due to the decrease of both salinity and water quality when moving upstream. Stronger impact of water pollution on the GHG emissions was found at the freshwater sites upstream compared to saline sites downstream. In particular, when water quality of the sites reduced from good, mainly located in the mouth and surrounded by arable sites, to polluted, mainly located in the upstream and surrounded by urban sites, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the sites doubled while N<sub>2</sub>O emissions tripled. Similarly, the effects of water pollution on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions became much stronger in the freshwater sites compared to the saline sites. These decreasing effects from upstream to the mouth were associated with the increase in urbanization as sites surrounded by urban areas released on average almost two times more CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O than sites surrounded by nature and industry areas. Applied machine learning methods also revealed that, in addition to salinity effects, nutrient and organic enrichment stimulated the GHG emissions from the Scheldt Estuary. These findings highlight the importance of the interaction between salinity, water pollution, and land use in order to understand their influences on GHG emissions from dynamic estuarine systems.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Impact of salinity gradient, water pollution and land use types on greenhouse gas emissions from an urbanized estuary","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:32:52.386050","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Greenhouse gas; Estuary","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-09-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001072436900001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":366343,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"122500","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"336","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42834,"SerRR":"Environmental Pollution. Elsevier: Barking.  ISSN 0269-7491; e-ISSN 1873-6424","StandardTitleSer":"Environmental Pollution","ISSN":"0269-7491","AbbrevSer":"Environ. Pollut.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Ho","Firstname":"Long","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":441856,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":39115,"InsID":14145},{"AutName":"Barthel","Firstname":"Matti","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537316,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Panique-Casso","Firstname":"Diego","Initials":"D.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537317,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"AECO","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Onderzoeksgroep Aquatische ecologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":2034},{"AutName":"Vermeulen","Firstname":"Kaat","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537318,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"AECO","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Onderzoeksgroep Aquatische ecologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":2034},{"AutName":"Bruneel","Firstname":"Stijn","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":435350,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-8226-8080","PersID":34263,"InsID":14145},{"AutName":"Liu","Firstname":"Xingzhen","Initials":"X.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537320,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"AECO","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Onderzoeksgroep Aquatische ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0003-2037-0634","PersID":44071,"InsID":2034},{"AutName":"Bodé","Firstname":"Samuel","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":"Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537321,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"ISOFYS","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory","ORCID":null,"PersID":38986,"InsID":14944},{"AutName":"Six","Firstname":"Johan","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":254137,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Boeckx","Firstname":"Pascal","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":537323,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"ISOFYS","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory","ORCID":"0000-0003-3998-0010","PersID":27131,"InsID":14944},{"AutName":"Goethals","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364065,"AutID":315785,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"PAE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Protistologie en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":3425,"InsID":732}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":392108,"LibID":36,"BRefID":366343,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"392108","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier","City":"Barking"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Land use","ThestID":4617,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Land use"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Water pollution","ThestID":9117,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Pollution > Water pollution"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Salinity","ThestID":73505,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Salinity"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Land use"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Salinity"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Water pollution"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Scheldt Estuary"}],"collections":[{"Collection":"ScheldeMonitor","ShortName":"scheldemonitor"},{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"640":{"SpName":"Habitat diversity","SpColID":640,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Diversiteit Habitats","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Diversiteit Habitats"},"867":{"SpName":"IMIS themes","SpColID":867,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"IMIS themes","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes"},"639":{"SpName":"Physics and chemistry","SpColID":639,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Fysicochemie","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Fysicochemie"},"27":{"SpName":"ScheldeMonitor","SpColID":27,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"scheldemonitor","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"scheldemonitor"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"911":{"SpName":"VLIZ equipment acknowledged","SpColID":911,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"VLIZ eq.","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/VLIZ eq."}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":364065,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":364065,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500","externalID":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122500","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":118676,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Land use","ThestID":4617,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Salinity","ThestID":73505,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Water pollution","ThestID":9117,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Scheldt Estuary","GeoObjectID":4812,"GeotID":8468}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Land use","DutchTerm":"Landgebruik","ThestID":4617,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Salinity","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":73505,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Water pollution","DutchTerm":"Watervervuiling","ThestID":9117,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Scheldt Estuary","DutchTerm":"Schelde-estuarium"}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2023-09-04 08:45:24.390000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2025-09-18 16:42:10.807000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}