{"refrec":{"BRefID":367078,"RR":"<b>Drábiková, L.; Fjelldal, P.G.; Yousaf, M.N.; Morken, T.; De Clercq, A.; McGurk, C.; Witten, P.E.</b> (2023). Elevated water CO<sub>2</sub> can prevent dietary-induced osteomalacia in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>, L.). <i>Biomolecules 13(4)</i>: 663. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040663\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040663</a>","BEntID":364802,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biomolecules 13(4)</i>: 663. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040663\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040663</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Drábiková, L.; Fjelldal, P.G.; Yousaf, M.N.; Morken, T.; De Clercq, A.; McGurk, C.; Witten, P.E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Drábiková, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<div class=\"html-p\">Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in the water. High CO<sub>2</sub> is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (<span class=\"html-italic\">Salmo salar</span>, L.). Conversely, low dietary phosphorus (P) halts bone mineralization. This study examines if high CO<sub>2</sub> can counteract reduced bone mineralization imposed by low dietary P intake. Atlantic salmon post-seawater transfer (initial weight 207.03 g) were fed diets containing 6.3 g/kg (0.5P), 9.0 g/kg (1P), or 26.8 g/kg (3P) total P for 13 weeks. Atlantic salmon from all dietary P groups were reared in seawater which was not injected with CO<sub>2</sub> and contained a regular CO<sub>2</sub> level (5 mg/L) or in seawater with injected CO<sub>2</sub> thus raising the level to 20 mg/L. Atlantic salmon were analyzed for blood chemistry, bone mineral content, vertebral centra deformities, mechanical properties, bone matrix alterations, expression of bone mineralization, and P metabolism-related genes. High CO<sub>2</sub> and high P reduced Atlantic salmon growth and feed intake. High CO<sub>2</sub> increased bone mineralization when dietary P was low. Atlantic salmon fed with a low P diet downregulated the <span class=\"html-italic\">fgf23</span> expression in bone cells indicating an increased renal phosphate reabsorption. The current results suggest that reduced dietary P could be sufficient to maintain bone mineralization under conditions of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. This opens up a possibility for lowering the dietary P content under certain farming conditions.</div>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Elevated water CO<sub>2</sub> can prevent dietary-induced osteomalacia in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>, L.)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-09-25 01:36:50.712317","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"CO2; dietary phosphorus; bone mineralization; Atlantic salmon; skeleton; fgf23","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-09-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000979325500001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3390/biom13040663"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":367078,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"663","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"13","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":264565,"SerRR":"Biomolecules. 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