{"refrec":{"BRefID":367147,"RR":"<b>Martinho de Brito, M.; Bundeleva, I.; Marin, F.; Vennin, E.; Wilmotte, A.; Plasseraud, L.; Visscher, P.T.</b> (2023). Properties of exopolymeric substances (EPSs) produced during cyanobacterial growth: potential role in whiting events. <i>Biogeosciences 20(15)</i>: 3165-3183. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3165-2023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3165-2023</a>","BEntID":364871,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biogeosciences 20(15)</i>: 3165-3183. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3165-2023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3165-2023</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Martinho de Brito, M.; Bundeleva, I.; Marin, F.; Vennin, E.; Wilmotte, A.; Plasseraud, L.; Visscher, P.T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Martinho de Brito, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are an important organic carbon reservoir in many pelagic and benthic environments. The production of EPS is intimately associated with the growth of phyto- and picoplankton. EPS plays a critical role in carbonate precipitation through the binding of cations and by acting as a nucleation site for minerals. Large-scale episodes of fine-grained calcium carbonate precipitation in the water column (whiting events) have been linked to cyanobacterial blooms, including of <i>Synechococcus</i>&nbsp;spp. The mechanisms that trigger these precipitation events are still debated. We pose that the cyanobacterial EPS, produced during exponential and stationary growth phases, plays a critical role in the formation of whitings. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of EPS during a 2-month cyanobacterial growth, mimicking a bloom. The production and characteristics of EPS were examined in different growth stages of <i>Synechococcus</i>&nbsp;spp. using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as well as colorimetric and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) assays. We further evaluated the potential role of EPS in carbonate precipitation through in&nbsp;vitro-forced precipitation experiments. EPS produced during the early and late stationary phase contained a larger amount of negatively charged groups than present in EPS produced during the exponential phase. Consequently, a higher <span class=\"inline-formula\">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span>-binding affinity of the stationary-phase EPS led to the formation of a larger amount of smaller carbonate minerals (<span class=\"inline-formula\">&lt;</span> 50 <span class=\"inline-formula\">µm</span>) compared to crystals formed in exponential-phase EPS, which were less abundant and larger (<span class=\"inline-formula\">&gt;</span> 50 <span class=\"inline-formula\">µm</span>). These findings were used to establish a conceptual model for picoplankton-bloom-mediated <span class=\"inline-formula\">CaCO<sub>3</sub></span> precipitation that can explain the role of EPS in whitings.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Properties of exopolymeric substances (EPSs) produced during cyanobacterial growth: potential role in whiting events","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-09-25 01:36:50.712317","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECIPITATION;CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS;MARINE STROMATOLITES BAHAMAS;DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON;HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS;SYNECHOCOCCUS-LEOPOLIENSIS;SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES;HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA;SURFACE BLOOMS;PHOTOSYNTHESIS","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-09-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001041963100001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/bg-20-3165-2023"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":367147,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"3165-3183","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"20","Issue":"15","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":68092,"SerRR":"<b>Gattuso, J.P.; Kesselmeier, J. (Ed.)</b> Biogeosciences. Copernicus Publications: Göttingen.  ISSN 1726-4170; e-ISSN 1726-4189","StandardTitleSer":"Biogeosciences","ISSN":"1726-4170","AbbrevSer":"Biogeosciences","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":3165,"Pages":19,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Martinho de Brito","Firstname":"Marlisa","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364871,"AutID":539811,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bundeleva","Firstname":"Irina","Initials":"I.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364871,"AutID":539812,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Marin","Firstname":"Frédéric","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364871,"AutID":54710,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Vennin","Firstname":"Emmanuelle","Initials":"E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364871,"AutID":78904,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wilmotte","Firstname":"Annick","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":"InBios Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":364871,"AutID":539815,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"InBioS","InsFSN":"Université de Liège; 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