{"refrec":{"BRefID":367582,"RR":"<b>Francis, W.R.; Eitel, M.; Vargas, S.; Garcia-Escudero, C.A.; Conci, N.; Deister, F.; Mah, J.L.; Guiglielmoni, N.; Krebs, S.; Blum, H.; Wörheide, G.</b> (2023). The genome of the reef-building glass sponge <i>Aphrocallistes vastus</i> provides insights into silica biomineralization. <i>Royal Society Open Science 10(6)</i>: 230423. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230423\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230423</a>","BEntID":365307,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Royal Society Open Science 10(6)</i>: 230423. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230423\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230423</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Francis, W.R.; Eitel, M.; Vargas, S.; Garcia-Escudero, C.A.; Conci, N.; Deister, F.; Mah, J.L.; Guiglielmoni, N.; Krebs, S.; Blum, H.; Wörheide, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Francis, W.R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Well-annotated and contiguous genomes are an indispensable resource for understanding the evolution, development, and metabolic capacities of organisms. Sponges, an ecologically important non-bilaterian group of primarily filter-feeding sessile aquatic organisms, are underrepresented with respect to available genomic resources. Here we provide a high-quality and well-annotated genome of <i>Aphrocallistes vastus</i>, a glass sponge (Porifera: Hexactinellida) that forms large reef structures off the coast of British Columbia (Canada). We show that its genome is approximately 80 Mb, small compared to most other metazoans, and contains nearly 2500 nested genes, more than other genomes. Hexactinellida is characterized by a unique skeletal architecture made of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), and we identified 419 differentially expressed genes between the osculum, i.e. the vertical growth zone of the sponge, and the main body. Among the upregulated ones, mineralization-related genes such as glassin, as well as collagens and actins, dominate the expression profile during growth. Silicateins, suggested being involved in silica mineralization, especially in demosponges, were not found at all in the <i>A. vastus</i> genome and suggests that the underlying mechanisms of SiO<sub>2</sub> deposition in the Silicea <i>sensu stricto</i> (Hexactinellida + Demospongiae) may not be homologous.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The genome of the reef-building glass sponge <i>Aphrocallistes vastus</i> provides insights into silica biomineralization","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-09-25 01:36:50.712317","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"sponge;Porifera;Hexactinellida;genome;silica;differentially expressed genes;BRITISH-COLUMBIA;ALIGNMENT;ACCURATE;PROTEIN;EVOLUTION;CTENOPHORA;EXPRESSION;DIVERSITY;PORIFERA;SEQUENCE","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-10-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001017564500012","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1098/rsos.230423"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":367582,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"230423","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"10","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":247720,"SerRR":"Royal Society Open Science. The Royal Society: London.  ISSN 2054-5703; e-ISSN 2054-5703","StandardTitleSer":"Royal Society Open Science","ISSN":"2054-5703","AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Francis","Firstname":"Warren","Initials":"W.R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":173581,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Eitel","Firstname":"Michael","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":263741,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Vargas","Firstname":"Sergio","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":415261,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Garcia-Escudero","Firstname":"Catalina","Initials":"C.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541730,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Conci","Firstname":"Nicola","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541731,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Deister","Firstname":"Fabian","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541732,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Mah","Firstname":"Jasmine","Initials":"J.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541733,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Guiglielmoni","Firstname":"Nadège","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":"Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541734,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Université Libre de Bruxelles; Faculté des Sciences; Evolutionary Biology & Ecology","ORCID":"0000-0002-6185-1592","PersID":40227,"InsID":12149},{"AutName":"Krebs","Firstname":"Stefan","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541735,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Blum","Firstname":"Helmut","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":541736,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Leys","Firstname":"Sally","Initials":"S.P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":419249,"OrderNr":11,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":1,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wörheide","Firstname":"Gert","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":365307,"AutID":67041,"OrderNr":12,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":392895,"LibID":36,"BRefID":367582,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"392895","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"The Royal Society","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Aphrocallistes vastus"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":365307,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":365307,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230423","externalID":"10.1098/rsos.230423","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":120143,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Aphrocallistes vastus","AphiaID":171632,"TaxtID":47946}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Aphrocallistes vastus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":171632,"TaxtID":47946}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2023-10-02 08:01:42.533000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2025-09-18 16:47:27.387000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}