{"refrec":{"BRefID":368447,"RR":"<b>Kim, J.-W.; Yu, J.-Y.; Tian, B.</b> (2023). Overemphasized role of preceding strong El Niño in generating multi-year La Niña events. <i>Nature Comm. 14(1)</i>: 6790. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42373-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42373-5</a>","BEntID":366173,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Comm. 14(1)</i>: 6790. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42373-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42373-5</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kim, J.-W.; Yu, J.-Y.; Tian, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kim, J.-W.; Yu, J.-Y.; Tian, B.","Englishabstract":"Previous studies have emphasized the significance of a strong El Niño preceding La Niña (LN) in the formation of multi-year LN events due to the slow recharge-discharge ocean heat content process. However, observational analyses from 1900 to 2022 reveal that the majority (64%) of multi-year LN events did not necessitate a preceding strong El Niño to generate their second LN, suggesting an overemphasis on traditional views. Instead, here we show that a negative phase of the North Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) during spring, when the first LN begins to decay, activates the mechanism responsible for triggering another LN and producing a multi-year event. The westward extension of the first LN’s cold anomalies, which interact directly with the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool, is highlighted as a crucial factor in the occurrence of a negative PMM. Additionally, the PMM mechanism can create a third LN, leading to triple-dip events.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Overemphasized role of preceding strong El Niño in generating multi-year La Niña events","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-13 01:32:02.872819","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-11-06","DateCreate":"2023-11-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001096436800026","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-023-42373-5"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":368447,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"6790","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"14","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198717,"SerRR":"Nature Communications. 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