{"refrec":{"BRefID":368636,"RR":"<b>Yasunaka, S.; Manizza, M.; Terhaar, J.; Olsen, A.; Yamaguchi, R.; Landschützer, P.; Watanabe, E.; Carroll, D.; Adiwira, H.; Müller, J.D.; Hauck, J.</b> (2023). An assessment of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in the Arctic Ocean from 1985 to 2018. <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 37(11)</i>: e2023GB007806. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007806\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007806</a>","BEntID":366362,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 37(11)</i>: e2023GB007806. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007806\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007806</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Yasunaka, S.; Manizza, M.; Terhaar, J.; Olsen, A.; Yamaguchi, R.; Landschützer, P.; Watanabe, E.; Carroll, D.; Adiwira, H.; Müller, J.D.; Hauck, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Yasunaka, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"As a contribution to the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we present synthesized estimates of Arctic Ocean sea-air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes and their uncertainties from surface ocean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>-observation products, ocean biogeochemical hindcast and data assimilation models, and atmospheric inversions. For the period of 1985–2018, the Arctic Ocean was a net sink of CO<sub>2</sub> of 116&nbsp;±&nbsp;4&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup> in the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> products, 92&nbsp;±&nbsp;30&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup> in the models, and 91&nbsp;±&nbsp;21&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup> in the atmospheric inversions. The CO<sub>2</sub> uptake peaks in late summer and early autumn, and is low in winter when sea ice inhibits sea-air fluxes. The long-term mean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in the Arctic Ocean is primarily caused by steady-state fluxes of natural carbon (70%&nbsp;±&nbsp;15%), and enhanced by the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> increase (19%&nbsp;±&nbsp;5%) and climate change (11%&nbsp;±&nbsp;18%). The annual mean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake increased from 1985 to 2018 at a rate of 31&nbsp;±&nbsp;13&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;dec<sup>−1</sup> in the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> products, 10&nbsp;±&nbsp;4&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;dec<sup>−1</sup> in the models, and 32&nbsp;±&nbsp;16&nbsp;TgC&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;dec<sup>−1</sup> in the atmospheric inversions. Moreover, 77%&nbsp;±&nbsp;38% of the trend in the net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake over time is caused by climate change, primarily due to rapid sea ice loss in recent years. Furthermore, true uncertainties may be larger than the given ensemble standard deviations due to common structural biases across all individual estimates.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"An assessment of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in the Arctic Ocean from 1985 to 2018","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:32:59.564014","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"pCO(2);CO2 flux;sea ice;RECCAP2;ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE;EARTH SYSTEM MODEL;AIR-SEA FLUXES;SURFACE OCEAN;INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;ORGANIC-CARBON;CYCLE FEEDBACKS;UPTAKE CAPACITY;ICE;SHELF","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-11-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001103017600001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1029/2023gb007806"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":368636,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"e2023GB007806","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"37","Issue":"11","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45841,"SerRR":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 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