{"refrec":{"BRefID":368681,"RR":"<b>van Herpen, M.J.W.; Li, Q.; Saiz-Lopez, A.; Liisberg, J.B.; Röckmann, T.; Cuevas, C.A.; Fernandez, R.P.; Mak, J.E.; Mahowald, N.M.; Hess, P.; Meidan, D.; Stuut, J.-B; Johnson, M.S.</b> (2023). Photocatalytic chlorine atom production on mineral dust–sea spray aerosols over the North Atlantic. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 120(31)</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303974120\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303974120</a>","BEntID":366407,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 120(31)</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303974120\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303974120</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"van Herpen, M.J.W.; Li, Q.; Saiz-Lopez, A.; Liisberg, J.B.; Röckmann, T.; Cuevas, C.A.; Fernandez, R.P.; Mak, J.E.; Mahowald, N.M.; Hess, P.; Meidan, D.; Stuut, J.-B; Johnson, M.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"van Herpen, M.J.W. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Active chlorine in the atmosphere is poorly constrained and so is its role in the oxidation of the potent greenhouse gas methane, causing uncertainty in global methane budgets. We propose a photocatalytic mechanism for chlorine atom production that occurs when Sahara dust mixes with sea spray aerosol. The mechanism is validated by implementation in a global atmospheric model and thereby explaining the episodic, seasonal, and location-dependent <sup>13</sup>C depletion in CO in air samples from Barbados, which remained unexplained for decades. The production of Cl can also explain the anomaly in the CO:ethane ratio found at Cape Verde, in addition to explaining the observation of elevated HOCl. Our model finds that 3.8 Tg(Cl) y<sup>−1</sup> is produced over the North Atlantic, making it the dominant source of chlorine in the region; globally, chlorine production increases by 41%. The shift in the methane sink budget due to the increased role of Cl means that isotope-constrained top–down models fail to allocate 12 Tg y<sup>−1</sup> (2% of total methane emissions) to <sup>13</sup>C-depleted biological sources such as agriculture and wetlands. Since 2014, an increase in North African dust emissions has increased the <sup>13</sup>C isotope of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>, thereby partially masking a much greater decline in this isotope, which has implications for the interpretation of the drivers behind the recent increase of methane in the atmosphere.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Photocatalytic chlorine atom production on mineral dust–sea spray aerosols over the North Atlantic","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-06 01:35:08.353252","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"methane removal; tropospheric chlorine; chemistry–climate; aerosol chemistry; isotope modeling","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-11-15","DateCreate":"2023-11-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001134962200002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.2303974120"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":368681,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":null,"XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"120","Issue":"31","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43690,"SerRR":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 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