{"refrec":{"BRefID":368836,"RR":"<b>Abdel-Ghaffar, W.H.; Youssef, F.S.</b> (2023). Ultrastructural and chemical comparative characteristic studies on the free coelomocytes, coelomic epithelia and fluids between the sea urchins “<i>Tripneustesgratilla</i>” and “<i>Echinometra mathaei</i>”. <i>Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish. 27(5)</i>: 883-922","BEntID":366562,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish. 27(5)</i>: 883-922","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Abdel-Ghaffar, W.H.; Youssef, F.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Abdel-Ghaffar, W.H.; Youssef, F.S.","Englishabstract":"Remarkably, day after day, new echinoderm species were added to Phylum Echinodermata that include starfish, sea cucumbers, feather stars, and sea urchins. In this work, the sea urchins especially “<strong><em>Tripneustes</em></strong> <strong><em>gratilla</em></strong>” and “<strong><em>Echinometra mathaei</em></strong>” are the animals of choice due to their popularity, medical and economic importance. The coelomic epithelium and the free coelomocytes of both sea urchins were ultrastructurally studied in addition to the chemical analyses of their coelomic fluids, followed by protein docking. The coelomic epithelium (CE) of “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” exhibits 4 main cells which are 1) basal cells, 2) short cells, 3) elongated-wide cells, 4) elongated-narrow cells, all of which are polygonal coelomocytes. Additionally, the CE of the sea urchin “<em>Echinometra mathaei”</em> is composed of 1) small cells, 2) red spherules 3) leucocytes, and 4) colourless spherules, which are irregular shape coelomocytes. The free coelomocytes of both sea urchins “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>” appeared in the amoeboid state (resembling the human phagocytic cells) with three distinctive forms: the leucocytes, the red spherules (type “1” and type “2”), and the colorless spherules. The nuclear egress was noticeable from the nuclei of the coelomic epithelial cells of both the adult sea urchins, “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>”. The CE of <em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla </em>showed circular mitochondria with semi-circular cristae, while the CE of <em>Echinometra mathaei </em>showed elongated mitochondria. Chemically, the coelomic fluid extracted from both the adult sea urchins “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>” exhibited glycogen synthase kinase3-<em>β</em> protein. Ultrastructurally, the coelomic epithelium from both adult sea urchins “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>” showed 4 different units of coelomocytes, in which the coelomocytes of “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” are elongated and polygonal; while the coelomocytes of <em>Echinometra mathaei </em>are morphologically irregular. In addition, the free coelomocytes from both adult sea urchins “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>” are irregular in shape resembling the human phagocytes,<em> i.e. </em>theshape meets the function. Chemically, the coelomic fluids extracted from both adult sea urchins “<em>Tripneustes</em> <em>gratilla</em>” and “<em>Echinometra mathaei</em>” exhibit glycogen synthase kinase3-<em>β</em> protein that could be used as an effective or potent agent for wound healing or skin regeneration.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Ultrastructural and chemical comparative characteristic studies on the free coelomocytes, coelomic epithelia and fluids between the sea urchins “<i>Tripneustesgratilla</i>” and “<i>Echinometra mathaei</i>”","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Tripneustes gratilla; Echinometra mathaei; Coelomic epithelium; Coelomocytes; Ultrastructure; Coelomic fluid","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-11-21","DateCreate":"2023-11-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":368836,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"883-922","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"27","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":225929,"SerRR":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 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