{"refrec":{"BRefID":369359,"RR":"<b>Alevizos, E.; Barillé, L.</b> (2023). Global ocean spatial suitability for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking. <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 10</i>: 1320642. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1320642\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1320642</a>","BEntID":367089,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 10</i>: 1320642. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1320642\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1320642</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Alevizos, E.; Barillé, L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Alevizos, E.; Barillé, L.","Englishabstract":"Macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking is considered a potentially practical approach for ocean-based carbon dioxide removal. However, several considerations need to be resolved to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of this approach. Currently, several studies focus on the area required for climate-relevant carbon sequestration through macroalgae cultivation and sinking without considering realistic, global spatial limitations. This study uses a spatially-explicit suitability assessment model for optimised open-ocean afforestation and sinking site designation. By applying specific maritime, ecological and industrial constraints, two maps are produced: a) suitable areas for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking, and b) suitable areas for macroalgae sinking only (for sequestration purposes). These data provide a more realistic approach to quantifying the ocean surface (including the corresponding depths) required for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking within a spatially sustainable framework. The resulting maps estimate the respective suitability areas within the EEZs of the world countries. A total area suitable for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking is calculated at 10.8M km2, whereas sinking-only areas account for 32.8M km2 of the offshore ocean. The implications of spatial suitability patterns at global and national levels are discussed. We suggest that the concept of ‘g<i>row nearshore, sink offshore’</i> should be explored as an alternative to offshore cultivation.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Global ocean spatial suitability for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-02 01:32:20.273861","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-12-04","DateCreate":"2023-12-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001126793400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmars.2023.1320642"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":369359,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"1320642","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"10","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":233602,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Marine Science. 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