{"refrec":{"BRefID":380904,"RR":"<b>Roobaert, A.; Regnier, P.; Landschützer, P.; Laruelle, G.G.</b> (2024). A novel sea surface pCO<sub>2</sub>-product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over 1982–2020. <i>ESSD 16(1)</i>: 421-441. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024</a>","BEntID":378645,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ESSD 16(1)</i>: 421-441. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Roobaert, A.; Regnier, P.; Landschützer, P.; Laruelle, G.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Roobaert, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In recent years, advancements in machine learning based interpolation methods have enabled the production of high-resolution maps of sea surface partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (pCO<sub>2</sub>) derived from observations extracted from databases such as the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT). These pCO<sub>2</sub>-products now allow quantifying the oceanic air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange based on observations. However, most of them do not yet explicitly include the coastal ocean. Instead, they simply extend the open ocean values onto the nearshore shallow waters, or their spatial resolution is simply so coarse that they do not accurately capture the highly heterogeneous spatiotemporal pCO<sub>2</sub> dynamics of coastal zones. Until today, only one global pCO<sub>2</sub>-product has been specifically designed for the coastal ocean (Laruelle et al., 2017). This product, however, has shortcomings because it only provides a climatology covering a relatively short period (1998–2015), thus hindering its application to the evaluation of the interannual variability, decadal changes and the long-term trends of the coastal air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange, a temporal evolution that is still poorly understood and highly debated. Here we aim at closing this knowledge gap and update the coastal product of Laruelle et al.&nbsp;(2017) to investigate the longest global monthly time series available for the coastal ocean from 1982 to 2020. The method remains based on a two-step Self-Organizing Maps and Feed-Forward Network method adapted for coastal regions, but we include additional environmental predictors and use a larger pool of training and validation data with ∼18&nbsp;million direct observations extracted from the latest release of the SOCAT database. Our study reveals that the coastal ocean has been acting as an atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> sink of −0.40 Pg C yr<sup>−1</sup> (−0.18 Pg C yr<sup>−1</sup> with a narrower coastal domain) on average since 1982, and the intensity of this sink has increased at a rate of 0.06 Pg C yr<sup>−1</sup> decade<sup>−1</sup> (0.02 Pg C yr<sup>−1</sup> decade<sup>−1</sup> with a narrower coastal domain) over time. Our results also show that the temporal changes in the air–sea pCO<sub>2</sub> gradient plays a significant role in the long-term evolution of the coastal CO<sub>2</sub> sink, along with wind speed and sea-ice coverage changes that can also play an important role in some regions, particularly at high latitudes. This new reconstructed coastal pCO<sub>2</sub>-product (<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25921/4sde-p068\">https://doi.org/10.25921/4sde-p068</a>; Roobaert et al., 2023) allows us to establish regional carbon budgets requiring high-resolution coastal flux estimates and provides new constraints for closing the global carbon cycle.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"A novel sea surface pCO<sub>2</sub>-product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over 1982–2020","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:33:06.267739","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"AIR CO2 FLUX;CARBON-CYCLE;VARIABILITY;CLIMATOLOGY;ATLANTIC;SHELF;PERTURBATION;UNCERTAINTY;EXCHANGE;UNIFORM","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2024-01-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001167528400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/essd-16-421-2024"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":380904,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"421-441","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"16","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":229338,"SerRR":"Earth System Science Data. Copernicus: Göttingen.  ISSN 1866-3508; e-ISSN 1866-3516","StandardTitleSer":"Earth System Science Data","ISSN":"1866-3508","AbbrevSer":"ESSD","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":421,"Pages":21,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Roobaert","Firstname":"Alizée","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":"Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":378645,"AutID":549595,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VLIZ","InsFSN":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","ORCID":"0000-0002-4168-5494","PersID":36679,"InsID":36},{"AutName":"Regnier","Firstname":"Pierre","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Department of Geosciences, Environment & Society-BGEOSYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":378645,"AutID":490076,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"BGéOsys","InsFSN":"Université Libre de Bruxelles; Faculté des Sciences; Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement; Groupe de Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre","ORCID":null,"PersID":3934,"InsID":11949},{"AutName":"Landschützer","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":378645,"AutID":508439,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VLIZ","InsFSN":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","ORCID":"0000-0002-7398-3293","PersID":41702,"InsID":36},{"AutName":"Laruelle","Firstname":"Goulven","Initials":"G.G.","Affiliation":"Department of Geosciences, Environment & Society-BGEOSYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":378645,"AutID":490074,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"BGéOsys","InsFSN":"Université Libre de Bruxelles; Faculté des Sciences; Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement; Groupe de Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre","ORCID":"0000-0003-2869-4713","PersID":29495,"InsID":11949}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":395237,"LibID":36,"BRefID":380904,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"395237","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Copernicus","City":"Göttingen"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"},{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"992":{"SpName":"FRIS (VLIZ) - Flanders Research Information Space","SpColID":992,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"FRIS","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"FRIS"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"},"1064":{"SpName":"Peer reviewed VLIZ publications","SpColID":1064,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"PR VLIZ pubs","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"PR VLIZ pubs"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":378645,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":378645,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024","externalID":"10.5194/essd-16-421-2024","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":121891,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2024-01-15 07:36:40.060000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2025-09-18 16:33:36.123000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}