{"refrec":{"BRefID":381354,"RR":"<b>Sharp, K.H.; Davidson, S.K.; Haygood, M.G.</b> (2007). Localization of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Endobugula sertula’ and the bryostatins throughout the life cycle of the bryozoan <i>Bugula neritina</i>. <i>ISME J. 1(8)</i>: 693-702. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.78\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.78</a>","BEntID":379095,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ISME J. 1(8)</i>: 693-702. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.78\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.78</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sharp, K.H.; Davidson, S.K.; Haygood, M.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sharp, K.H.; Davidson, S.K.; Haygood, M.G.","Englishabstract":"‘<i>Candidatus</i> Endobugula sertula,’ the uncultivated γ-proteobacterial symbiont of the marine bryozoan <i>Bugula neritina</i>, synthesizes bryostatins, complex polyketides that render <i>B. neritina</i> larvae unpalatable to predators. Although the symbiosis is well described, little is known about the locations of ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ or the bryostatins throughout larval settlement, metamorphosis and early development. In this study, we simultaneously localized ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ and the bryostatins in multiple stages of the <i>B. neritina</i> life cycle, using a novel bryostatin detection method based on its known ability to bind mammalian protein kinase C. Our results suggest that the bryostatins are deposited onto the exterior of <i>B. neritina</i> larvae during embryonic development, persist on the larval surface throughout metamorphosis and are shed prior to cuticle formation. During metamorphosis, ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ remains adhered to the larval pallial epithelium and is incorporated into the preancestrula cystid tissue layer, which ultimately develops into a bud and gives rise to the next zooid in the colony. Colocalization of bryostatin signal with aggregates of ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ in buds of ancestrulae suggested new synthesis of bryostatins in ancestrulae. In adult <i>B. neritina</i> colonies, symbiont microcolonies were observed in the funicular cords of rhizoids, which likely result in asexual transmission of ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ to regenerated colonies. Furthermore, bryostatin signal was detected on the surface of the rhizoids of adult <i>B. neritina</i> colonies. Through simultaneous localization of the bryostatins and the ‘<i>E. sertula</i>,’ we determined how ‘<i>E. sertula</i>’ is transmitted, and identified shifts in bryostatin localization throughout the life cycle of the host <i>B. neritina</i>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Localization of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Endobugula sertula’ and the bryostatins throughout the life cycle of the bryozoan <i>Bugula neritina</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:32:15.849878","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2007,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-01-29","DateCreate":"2024-01-29","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000251946500003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1038/ismej.2007.78"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":381354,"PubliDate":2007,"Pagination":"693-702","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"1","Issue":"8","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":120798,"SerRR":"The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology. 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