{"refrec":{"BRefID":382903,"RR":"<b>Kiehbadroudinezhad, M.; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, H.; Karimi, K.; Madadi, M.; Chisti, Y.; Peng, W.X.; Liu, D.; Tabatabaei, M.; Aghbashlo, M.</b> (2023). Production of chemicals and utilities in-house improves the environmental sustainability of phytoplankton-based biorefinery. <i>Sci. Total Environ. 899</i>: 165751. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165751\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165751</a>","BEntID":380645,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Sci. Total Environ. 899</i>: 165751. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165751\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165751</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kiehbadroudinezhad, M.; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, H.; Karimi, K.; Madadi, M.; Chisti, Y.; Peng, W.X.; Liu, D.; Tabatabaei, M.; Aghbashlo, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kiehbadroudinezhad, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of phytoplanktonic biofuels as possible sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Three scenarios were examined for converting planktonic biomass into higher-value commodities and energy streams using the alga Scenedesmus sp. and the cyanobacterium <i>Arthrospira </i>sp. as the species of interest. The first scenario (Sc-1) involved the production of biodiesel and glycerol from the planktonic biomass. In the second scenario (Sc-2), biodiesel and glycerol were generated from the planktonic biomass, and biogas was produced from the residual biomass. The process also involved using a catalyst derived from snail shells for biodiesel production. The third scenario (Sc-3) was similar to Sc-2 but converted CO2 from the biogas upgrading to methanol, which was then used in synthesizing biodiesel. The results indicated that Sc-2 and Sc-3 had a reduced potential (up to 60 % less) for damaging human health compared to Sc-1. Sc-2 and Sc-3 had up to 61 % less environmental impact than Sc-1. Sc-2 and Sc-3 reduced the total cumulative exergy demand by up to 44 % compared to Sc-1. In conclusion, producing chemicals and utilities within the biorefinery could significantly improve environmental sustainability, reduce waste, and diversify revenue streams.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Production of chemicals and utilities in-house improves the environmental sustainability of phytoplankton-based biorefinery","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-13 01:32:06.498119","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Phytoplankton biorefinery; Algal biofuels; Environmental impact; Life cycle analysis; Cumulative exergy demand; Sustainability","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-02-19","DateCreate":"2024-02-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001055053300001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165751"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":382903,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"165751","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"899","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43780,"SerRR":"Science of the Total Environment. 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