{"refrec":{"BRefID":391464,"RR":"<b>Eissa, E.H.; Aljarari, R.M.; Elfeky, A.; Abd El-Aziz, Y.M.; Munir, M.B.; Jastaniah, S.D.; Alaidaroos, B.A.; Shafi, M.E.; Abd El-Hamed, N.N.B.; AL-Farga, A.; Dighiesh, H.S.; Okon, E.M.; Abd El-Hack, M.E.; Ezzo, O.H.; Eissa, M.E.H.; ElBanna, N.I.</b> (2024). Protective effects of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> as a feed additive on growth performance, immunity, histopathology, and disease resistance against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> in the Pacific white shrimp. <i>Aquacult. Int. Online First</i>: 20. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01298-y\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01298-y</a>","BEntID":389211,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Int. Online First</i>: 20. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01298-y\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01298-y</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Eissa, E.H.; Aljarari, R.M.; Elfeky, A.; Abd El-Aziz, Y.M.; Munir, M.B.; Jastaniah, S.D.; Alaidaroos, B.A.; Shafi, M.E.; Abd El-Hamed, N.N.B.; AL-Farga, A.; Dighiesh, H.S.; Okon, E.M.; Abd El-Hack, M.E.; Ezzo, O.H.; Eissa, M.E.H.; ElBanna, N.I.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Eissa, E.H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The present study investigated the effect of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> on growth performance, feed consumption, body composition, and immune response of white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> infection. Shrimps (4.00 ± 0.04 g) were divided into five groups (3 replicates/20 each) in 15 hapa (1 m<sup>3</sup>) and cultured for 56 days with five <i>C. vulgaris</i> experimented diets at five different concentrations (0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g/kg feed). Growth performance, feed utilization, biomass, and body composition (protein, lipid, and ash) were analyzed and revealed significant increase (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in shrimp fed the high <i>C. vulgaris</i> diet. Additionally, the survival rate of shrimp in all experimental feeds was improved, but was not significant. Shrimp fed with <i>C. vulgaris</i> at different concentrations showed significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) higher antioxidant activity. The study showed that shrimp fed with a concentration of 30 g/kg <i>C. vulgaris</i> in the diet showed significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) highest disease resistance against the pathogen tested. Hence, dietary <i>C. vulgaris</i> might be used to improve growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and immune biomarker responses, leading to disease resistance in cultured shrimp.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Protective effects of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> as a feed additive on growth performance, immunity, histopathology, and disease resistance against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> in the Pacific white shrimp","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-07 01:31:59.151633","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Litopenaeus vannamei; Microalgae; Growth performance; Immune response; Body composition","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-03-26","DateCreate":"2024-03-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001085940100003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10499-023-01298-y"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":391464,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"20","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"Online First","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44242,"SerRR":"Aquaculture International. 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