{"refrec":{"BRefID":391596,"RR":"<b>Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C.</b> (2024). Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 14(1)</i>: 6608. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w</a>","BEntID":389343,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 14(1)</i>: 6608. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C.","Englishabstract":"The EU aims for carbon neutrality by 2050, focusing on offshore wind energy. Investments in North Sea wind farms, with optimal wind resources, play a crucial role. We employed a high-resolution regional climate model, which incorporates a wind farm parametrization, to investigate and address potential mitigating impacts of large wind farms on power generation and air-sea fluxes. Specifically, we examined the effects of replacing 5&nbsp;MW turbines with larger 15&nbsp;MW turbines while maintaining total capacity. Our study found that substituting 15&nbsp;MW turbines increases the capacity factor by 2–3%, enhancing efficiency. However, these turbines exhibit a slightly smaller impact on 10&nbsp;m wind speed (1.2–1.5%) and near-surface kinetic energy (0.1–0.2%), leading to reduced effects on sea surface heat fluxes compared to 5&nbsp;MW turbines. This was confirmed by a stronger reduction in net heat flux of about 0.6–1.3% in simulations with 5&nbsp;MW compared to 15&nbsp;MW wind turbines. Air-sea fluxes influence ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems; therefore, minimizing these impacts is crucial. Overall, deploying 15&nbsp;MW turbines in offshore wind farms may offer advantages for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems, supporting the EU's carbon–neutral objectives.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-11 01:33:12.324563","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-03-25","DateCreate":"2024-03-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":391596,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"6608","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"14","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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