{"refrec":{"BRefID":391651,"RR":"Nishihira, M.; Yamazato, K. (1974). Human interference with the coral reef community and Acanthaster infestation of Okinawa, in: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, Volume 1: Conducted by the Great Barrier Reef Committee on board the M.V. Marco Polo cruising in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Province, Australia, 22nd June to 2nd July 1973. pp. 577-590","BEntID":389398,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", in: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, Volume 1: Conducted by the Great Barrier Reef Committee on board the M.V. Marco Polo cruising in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Province, Australia, 22nd June to 2nd July 1973. pp. 577-590","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nishihira, M.; Yamazato, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nishihira, M.; Yamazato, K.","Englishabstract":"Coral reef communities in Okinawa are disturbed by various types of human activity. Reclamation works on reef flats and dredging of reef slopes are destroying the communities directly. Various types of land development projects are responsible for deterioration of the coral reef environment because they cause erosion of the land which leads to accumulation of clay sediments, particularly in sheltered shallow regions. In addition, Acanthaster planci, in its abnormally high density status, is one of the most powerful biological agents devastating the coral reef community. Acanthaster planci is abundant on the central part of the western coast of Okinawa Island, and coral reefs with high densities of A. planci have been devastated markedly. The degree of human interference in any region is approximately proportional to the density of starfish. In the area from Atta to Onaga, most of the corals have been predated. Drastic changes in the coral reef community may occur after the devastation. In certain cases recolonization by corals has been observed. However, in other cases the coral community may be replaced by a soft coral community or by a Sargassum community. The type of community that results may depend on the kinds of organism making up the original and adjacent communities as well as on the geographical position of the community concerned. The mode of attack of coral reefs by A. planci populations is discussed.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Human interference with the coral reef community and Acanthaster infestation of Okinawa","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Human activity","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1974,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-04-02","DateCreate":"2024-04-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":391651,"PubliDate":1974,"Pagination":"577-590","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"9780909377007","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":391650,"BRefMonRR":"(1974). Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, Volume 1: Conducted by the Great Barrier Reef Committee on board the M.V. Marco Polo cruising in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Province, Australia, 22nd June to 2nd July 1973. Great Barrier Reef Committee: Brisbane. ISBN 9780909377007. 753 pp.","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, Volume 1: Conducted by the Great Barrier Reef Committee on board the M.V. Marco Polo cruising in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Province, Australia, 22nd June to 2nd July 1973","StartPage":577,"Pages":14,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Nishihira","Firstname":"Moritaka","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":389398,"AutID":564287,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Yamazato","Firstname":"Kiyoshi","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":389398,"AutID":564288,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":398849,"LibID":36,"BRefID":391651,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"398849","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"
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