{"refrec":{"BRefID":391966,"RR":"<b>Yin, M.C.; Blaxter, J.H.S.</b> (1987). Temperature, salinity tolerance, and buoyancy during early development and starvation of Clyde and North Sea herring, cod, and flounder larvae. <i>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 107(3)</i>: 279-290. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90044-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90044-x</a>","BEntID":389722,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 107(3)</i>: 279-290. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90044-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90044-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Yin, M.C.; Blaxter, J.H.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Yin, M.C.; Blaxter, J.H.S.","Englishabstract":"Tolerance limits, at which 50% of larvae could survive high temperature and low salinity for 24 h, were determined for the yolk-sac larvae of Clyde and North Sea herring (<i>Clupea harengus</i> L.), cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) and flounder (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> L.) during early development and starvation. Clyde and North Sea herring, cod and flounder from hatching to the end of the yolk-sac stage, could withstand 21–23.5 °C, 20.5–23 °C, 15.5–18 °C and 21.5–24°C, respectively. The temperature tolerance was reduced by about 3.5–4 °C for Clyde herring and cod, 4–4.5 °C for North Sea herring and 8–8.5 °C for flounder when the larvae reached the point-of-no-return (PNR, when 50% of larvae, although still alive, are no longer strong enough to feed). The lowest salinity tolerance between hatching and the end of yolk-sac stage was 1–1.5‰ for Clyde and North Sea herring, 2–3‰ for cod and 0–1‰ for flounder. In no instance was there a loss of tolerance to low salinity during starvation. In fact, tolerance improved somewhat until the larvae became moribund. At hatching Clyde and North Sea herring larvae were negatively buoyant with a sinking rate of 0.35–0.4cm · s<sup>−1</sup> which steadily decreased until the larvae became moribund. Cod and flounder larvae, however, were positively buoyant at hatching but became progressively less buoyant and, by the end of the yolk-sac stage they were negatively buoyant with a sinking rate of 0.06–0.07 cm · s<sup>−1</sup>. This sinking rate then decreased slightly until the PNR stage. The low salinity tolerance of all three species varied in a similar fashion to buoyancy","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Temperature, salinity tolerance, and buoyancy during early development and starvation of Clyde and North Sea herring, cod, and flounder larvae","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-16 01:33:48.464689","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1987,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-04-22","DateCreate":"2024-04-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/0022-0981(87)90044-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":391966,"PubliDate":1987,"Pagination":"279-290","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"107","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43229,"SerRR":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 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