{"refrec":{"BRefID":393355,"RR":"<b>Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; Dannheim, J.; Browman, H.I.</b> (2024). Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring. <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer Accepted</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae066\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae066</a>","BEntID":391141,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer Accepted</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae066\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae066</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; Dannheim, J.; Browman, H.I.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Cresci, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Stakeholders need scientific advice on the environmental impacts of offshore wind (OW) before the facilities are installed. The utility of conventional environmental monitoring methods as a basis for forecasting OW impacts is limited because they do not explain the causes of the observed effects. We propose a multistep approach, based on process-oriented hypothesis testing, targeted monitoring and numerical modeling, to answer key stakeholder questions about planning an OW facility: <strong>Q1</strong>—<i>Where do we place future OW farms so that impacts on the ecosystem are minimized?</i> &nbsp;<strong>Q2</strong>—<i>Which species and ecosystem processes will be impacted and to what degree?</i> &nbsp;<strong>Q3</strong>—<i>Can we mitigate impacts and, if so, how?</i> and <strong>Q4</strong>—<i>What are the risks of placing an OW facility in one location vs. another?</i> Hypothesis testing can be used to assess impacts of OW facilities on target species-ecological process. This knowledge is transferable and is broadly applicable, <i>a priori</i>, to assess suitable locations for OW (Q1). Hypothesis testing can be combined with monitoring methods to guide targeted monitoring. The knowledge generated can identify the species/habitats at risk (Q2), help selecting/developing mitigation measures (Q3), and be used as input parameters for models to forecast OW impacts at a large spatial scale (Q1; Q4).","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:33:34.366609","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"offshore renewables, marine energy, offshore wind turbines, impact assessment, marine spatial planning, marine ecosystems, energy transition, offshore wind development, hypothesis testing","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2024-07-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001219714500001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae066"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":393355,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":null,"XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"Accepted","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44710,"SerRR":"ICES Journal of Marine Science. 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