{"refrec":{"BRefID":393408,"RR":"<b>Rocha, R.M.; Salonna, M.; Griggio, F.; Ekins, M.; Lambert, G.; Mastrototaro, F.; Fidler, A.; Gissi, C.</b> (2019). The power of combined molecular and morphological analyses for the genus <i>Botrylloides</i>: identification of a potentially global invasive ascidian and description of a new species. <i>Syst. Biodiv. 17(5)</i>: 509-526. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2019.1649738\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2019.1649738</a>","BEntID":391195,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Syst. Biodiv. 17(5)</i>: 509-526. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2019.1649738\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2019.1649738</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rocha, R.M.; Salonna, M.; Griggio, F.; Ekins, M.; Lambert, G.; Mastrototaro, F.; Fidler, A.; Gissi, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rocha, R.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Botryllids are colonial styelid ascidians for which morphological characters distinguishing genera and species are often difficult to identify and frequently ambiguous. <i>Botrylloides perspicuus</i>, <i>Botrylloides giganteus</i>, and <i>Botrylloides pizoni</i> have similar colony and zooid appearances and over recent years have been found in dispersed localities around the world. In order to determine how many valid <i>Botrylloides</i> species there are, and how they are geographically distributed, we performed both molecular and morphological analyses on fresh and archival museum specimens of these <i>Botrylloides</i> coming from six distant localities: southern Italy, southern California, Brazil, Galapagos Islands, New Zealand, and Australia. Moreover, we re-analysed the morphology of a number of formalin-preserved museum specimens. We concluded that both <i>B. perspicuus</i> and <i>B. giganteus</i> are indeed valid species and report morphological and molecular characters that distinguish these species; <i>B. pizoni</i> is concluded to be a junior synonym of <i>B. giganteus</i>. The geographic distribution, collection dates, and growth substrates of <i>B. giganteus</i> indicate that this species is rapidly spreading worldwide and has traits that may enhance invasiveness (i.e., presence in intertidal regions; high tolerance to air exposure, temperature and salinity variation). Therefore, <i>B. giganteus</i> should be a focus of both researchers and managers concerned with marine biosecurity. Interestingly, the morphological re-analyses of archival museum samples guided by molecular results, led to the taxonomic reassignment of several botryllid specimens as well as to the identification of a new species, <i>Botrylloides conchyliatus</i> sp. nov., which is here described.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The power of combined molecular and morphological analyses for the genus <i>Botrylloides</i>: identification of a potentially global invasive ascidian and description of a new species","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:33:58.712663","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"ascidians, COI, invasive species, marine introductions, morphological analyses","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-07-22","DateCreate":"2024-07-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1080/14772000.2019.1649738"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":393408,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"509-526","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"17","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":72759,"SerRR":"Systematics and Biodiversity. 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