{"refrec":{"BRefID":394072,"RR":"<b>Marcus, E.</b> (1963). On Brazilian supralittoral and brackish water snails. <i>Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Sao Paulo 13(2)</i>: 41-52. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241963000200004\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241963000200004</a>","BEntID":391860,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Sao Paulo 13(2)</i>: 41-52. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241963000200004\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241963000200004</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Marcus, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Marcus, E.","Englishabstract":"On their way from an ancestral marine, probably intertidal, habitat to land and therewith to rich sources of oxygen and vegetable food the Ellobiidae (Pulmonata, Basommatophora) have been favoured by their made of reproduction. Most of them hatch as young snails, and their velum and operculum are embryonal. Semper (1880; quoted from Pelseneer 1894, p. 114-15) was the first to observe this. Morch's earlier statement (1867, p. 2) of free-swimming larvae evidently refers to Melampodinae, a sub-family of the Ellobiidae. 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