{"refrec":{"BRefID":395775,"RR":"<b>Delefortrie, G.; Verwilligen, J.; Vantorre, M.; Lataire, E.</b> (2024). <span lang=\"EN-US\" dir=\"ltr\">Exact and approximated solutions to the critical ship speeds in canals</span>, <b><i>in</i></b>: Schonees, J.S. (Ed.) <i>Proceedings of the 35TH PIANC WORLD CONGRESS 2024, Cape Town, South Africa, 29 April – 03 May 2024.</i> pp. 649-654","BEntID":393563,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Schonees, J.S. (Ed.) <i>Proceedings of the 35TH PIANC WORLD CONGRESS 2024, Cape Town, South Africa, 29 April – 03 May 2024.</i> pp. 649-654","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Delefortrie, G.; Verwilligen, J.; Vantorre, M.; Lataire, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Delefortrie, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<span lang=\"EN-US\" dir=\"ltr\">A sailing ship displaces water and this amount of water needs to return along the hull. When the&nbsp; environment is confined, as in a channel or canal, the water is squeezed in the gap between the ship and the&nbsp; canal boundaries, increasing the return flow. The available space for the water to return is expressed as the&nbsp; blockage ratio </span><i>?</i>, which is the ratio of the cross sectional area of the ship and the cross section of the canal.<br>With increasing ship speed the necessary return flow will no longer be met and the water will start to&nbsp; accumulate in front of the ship. At this point the flow condition starts to change, which is commonly referred to&nbsp; as the (first) critical speed. In the 1950s, critical speeds as a function of the blockage ratio were solved&nbsp; graphically, but afterwards elegant goniometric formulations of these critical speeds as a function of the&nbsp; blockage were established. Nevertheless, the appropriate proofs could not be traced back in literature.&nbsp; Because of the importance of the speed ranges, and their relationship with squat and resistance of ships&nbsp; navigating in canals, the present paper provides not only a proof of these goniometric relationships, but also&nbsp; introduces approximated solutions.&nbsp;","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"<span lang=\"EN-US\" dir=\"ltr\">Exact and approximated solutions to the critical ship speeds in canals</span>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:37:24.441262","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Critical; Confined","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-10-01","DateCreate":"2024-09-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":395775,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"649-654","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-2-87223-041-9","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":395773,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Schonees, J.S. 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