{"refrec":{"BRefID":396659,"RR":"<b>Ford, D.J.; Shutler, J.D.; Blanco-Sacristán, J.; Corrigan, S.; Bell, T.G.; Yang, M.; Kitidis, V.; Nightingale, P.D.; Brown, I.; Wimmer, W.; Woolf, D.K.; Casal, T.; Donlon, C.; Tilstone, G.H.; Ashton, I.</b> (2024). Enhanced ocean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake due to near-surface temperature gradients. <i>Nature Geoscience 17(11)</i>: 1135-1140. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7</a>","BEntID":394447,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Geoscience 17(11)</i>: 1135-1140. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ford, D.J.; Shutler, J.D.; Blanco-Sacristán, J.; Corrigan, S.; Bell, T.G.; Yang, M.; Kitidis, V.; Nightingale, P.D.; Brown, I.; Wimmer, W.; Woolf, D.K.; Casal, T.; Donlon, C.; Tilstone, G.H.; Ashton, I.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ford, D.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The ocean annually absorbs about a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Global estimates of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are typically based on bulk measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> in air and seawater and neglect the effects of vertical temperature gradients near the ocean surface. Theoretical and laboratory observations indicate that these gradients alter air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes, because the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> concentration difference is highly temperature sensitive. However, in situ field evidence supporting their effect is so far lacking. Here we present independent direct air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes alongside indirect bulk fluxes collected along repeat transects in the Atlantic Ocean (50° N to 50° S) in 2018 and 2019. We find that accounting for vertical temperature gradients reduces the difference between direct and indirect fluxes from 0.19 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> to 0.08 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (<i>N</i> = 148). This implies an increase in the Atlantic CO<sub>2</sub> sink of ~0.03 PgC yr<sup>−1</sup> (~7% of the Atlantic Ocean sink). These field results validate theoretical, modelling and observational-based efforts, all of which predicted that accounting for near-surface temperature gradients would increase estimates of global ocean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. Accounting for this increased ocean uptake will probably require some revision to how global carbon budgets are quantified.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Enhanced ocean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake due to near-surface temperature gradients","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-11-12","DateCreate":"2024-11-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":396659,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"1135-1140","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"17","Issue":"11","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":123796,"SerRR":"Nature Geoscience. 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