{"refrec":{"BRefID":39911,"RR":"<b>Lee, P.G.; Turk, P.E.; Yang, W.T.; Hanlon, R.T.</b> (1994). Biological characteristics and biomedical applications of the squid <i>Sepioteuthis lessoniana</i> cultured through multiple generations. <i>Biol. Bull. 186(3)</i>: 328-341. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542279\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542279</a>","BEntID":39911,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. Bull. 186(3)</i>: 328-341. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542279\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542279</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lee, P.G.; Turk, P.E.; Yang, W.T.; Hanlon, R.T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lee, P.G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Providing squids--especially their giant axons--for biomedical research has now been achieved in 10 mariculture trials extending through multiple generations. The noteworthy biological characteristics of <i>Sepioteuthis lessoniana</i> are (1) this species is behaviorally and morphologically well suited to the laboratory environment; (2) the life cycle is completed in 4-6 months; (3) growth is rapid (12% and 5% wet body weight d-1 for 100 d and for the life span, respectively), with adult size ranging from 0.4-2.2 kg; (4) feeding rates are high (30% wet body weight d-1), and a variety of live crustaceans and fishes are eaten; (5) crowding is tolerated (about 4 squids m-3); (6) the incidence of disease and cannibalism is low; and (7) reproduction in captivity allows culture through three successive generations. Engineering factors contributed to culture success: (1) physical design (i.e., size, shape, and painted pattern) of the culture tanks; (2) patterns of water flow in the culture tanks; (3) water filtration systems; and (4) spawning substrates. Initial production (a few hundred squids per year) suggests that large-scale culture will be able to supply the needs of the biomedical research community. The size (> 400 microns in diameter) and characteristics of the giant axons of <i>Sepioteuthis</i> are appropriate for experimentation, and other studies indicate that the eye, oculomotor/equilibrium system, olfactory system, blood, and ink are equally suitable for research.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Biological characteristics and biomedical applications of the squid <i>Sepioteuthis lessoniana</i> cultured through multiple generations","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-01 01:31:09.796058","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1994,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-09-23","DateCreate":"2003-09-23","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1994NT26200010","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.2307/1542279"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":39911,"PubliDate":1994,"Pagination":"328-341","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"186","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42437,"SerRR":"The Biological Bulletin. 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