{"refrec":{"BRefID":40118,"RR":"<b>Parrinello, N.; Cammarata, M.; Arizza, V.</b> (1996). Univacuolar refractile hemocytes from the tunicate <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> are cytotoxic for mammalian erythrocytes in vitro. <i>Biol. Bull. 190(3)</i>: 418-425. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543035\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543035</a>","BEntID":40118,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. Bull. 190(3)</i>: 418-425. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543035\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543035</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Parrinello, N.; Cammarata, M.; Arizza, V.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Parrinello, N.; Cammarata, M.; Arizza, V.","Englishabstract":"A discontinuous, Percoll density gradient was used to separate hemocyte populations from the hemolymph of <i>Ciona intestinalis</i>. Hemocytes from each band were examined for their frequency, morphology, and cytotoxic activity against rabbit and sheep erythrocytes; results were expressed as a percentage of hemolysis. Statistical analysis revealed that only the \"univacuolar\" granulocytes from Band 5, which contain a vacuole of refractile material, were cytotoxic. Cytotoxic activity was inhibited by sphingomyelin. For the first time in tunicates, lytic activity against erythrocytes was assessed by an assay based on plaque-forming cells. Plaques of lysis were revealed against rabbit erythrocytes but not against sheep erythrocytes.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Univacuolar refractile hemocytes from the tunicate <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> are cytotoxic for mammalian erythrocytes in vitro","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:07.562375","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1996,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-09-24","DateCreate":"2003-09-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1996UW39200015","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.2307/1543035"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":40118,"PubliDate":1996,"Pagination":"418-425","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"190","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42437,"SerRR":"The Biological Bulletin. 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