{"refrec":{"BRefID":40174,"RR":"<b>Distel, D.L.; Roberts, S.J.</b> (1997). Bacterial endosymbionts in the gills of the deep-sea wood-boring bivalves <i>Xylophaga atlantica</i> and <i>Xylophaga washingtona</i>. <i>Biol. Bull. 192(2)</i>: 253-261. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542719\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542719</a>","BEntID":40174,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. Bull. 192(2)</i>: 253-261. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542719\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542719</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Distel, D.L.; Roberts, S.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Distel, D.L.; Roberts, S.J.","Englishabstract":"Bacterial endosymbionts found in gill tissues in several bivalve families convert otherwise unavailable energy sources (sulfide, methane, or cellulose) to forms readily metabolized by their hosts. We investigated the existence of such a symbiosis in two species of <i>Xylophaga</i> (family Pholadidae). The genus <i>Xylophaga</i> includes opportunistic species that are the predominant colonizers of wood at depths greater than 150 m. It has been hypothesized that, like their shallow-water counterparts the shipworms (family Teredinidae), species of <i>Xylophaga</i> utilize wood for nutrition. Results from transmission and scanning electron microscopy of <i>X. atlantica</i> and <i>X. washingtona</i> clearly demonstrate the presence of endosymbionts that resemble the shipworm endosymbionts both morphologically and in their anatomical location within the gills. <i>Xylophaga</i> and the teredinids both have a caecum packed with wood chips but lack the dense populations of microorganisms associated with cellulose digestion in termites or ruminants. These observations suggest that <i>Xylophaga</i> has evolved a symbiotic solution to wood digestion similar to that seen in shipworms. Hence, the <i>Xylophaga</i> symbiosis suggests a mechanism for the conversion of terrestrially derived cellulosic carbon from wood into animal biomass in the deep sea.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Bacterial endosymbionts in the gills of the deep-sea wood-boring bivalves <i>Xylophaga atlantica</i> and <i>Xylophaga washingtona</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:07.562375","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1997,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-09-24","DateCreate":"2003-09-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1997WX53900006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.2307/1542719"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":40174,"PubliDate":1997,"Pagination":"253-261","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"192","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42437,"SerRR":"The Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory: Lancaster.  ISSN 0006-3185; e-ISSN 1939-8697","StandardTitleSer":"The Biological Bulletin","ISSN":"0006-3185","AbbrevSer":"Biol. Bull.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":253,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Distel","Firstname":"Daniel L.","Initials":"D.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":40174,"AutID":87742,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Roberts","Firstname":null,"Initials":"S.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":40174,"AutID":40792,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Marine Biological Laboratory","City":"Lancaster"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":40174,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542719","externalID":"10.2307/1542719","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":112486,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2003-09-24 12:07:07.850000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","updSesDate":{"date":"2003-09-24 12:07:07.850000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}