{"refrec":{"BRefID":404874,"RR":"<b>Risch, D.; Marmo, B.; van Geel, N.C.F.; Gillespie, D.; Hastie, G.; Sparling, C.; Onoufriou, J.; Wilson, B.</b> (2024). Underwater noise of two operational tidal stream turbines: A comparison, <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life: Principles and practical considerations.</i> pp. 157-178. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_135\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_135</a>","BEntID":402667,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life: Principles and practical considerations.</i> pp. 157-178. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_135\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_135</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Risch, D.; Marmo, B.; van Geel, N.C.F.; Gillespie, D.; Hastie, G.; Sparling, C.; Onoufriou, J.; Wilson, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Risch, D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"This study measured underwater noise of two 1.5&nbsp;MW tidal stream turbines (Atlantis AR1500 and Andritz AHH1500) at the MeyGen project site, Pentland Firth, Scotland, UK. Underwater turbine noise may be important for acoustically sensitive marine mammals to detect turbines and avoid collision, but it may also negatively affect them, as well as fish and invertebrates (e.g., injury, disturbance, and habitat exclusion). The turbines’ source levels were determined, and a 3D-noise model predicted the acoustic footprints of the existing and future turbine arrays. Highest noise levels were between 50 and 1000&nbsp;Hz for both turbines. However, noise levels (25&nbsp;Hz–25&nbsp;kHz) recorded from the Andritz turbine were generally lower in amplitude compared to those recorded from the Atlantis turbine. The results show that harbor seals (and probably other marine mammal species) will be able to detect operating tidal turbines at distances that are likely sufficient to avoid collision. The MeyGen project aims to build out to 400&nbsp;MW in later stages of the project which will increase the predicted noise footprint ranges presented here, with unknown environmental consequences. This highlights the importance of including these results on underwater noise in strategic marine spatial planning of larger tidal turbine arrays","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Underwater noise of two operational tidal stream turbines: A comparison","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-23 01:33:38.913374","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Tidal stream turbines · Operational noise · Noise modelling · Detectability  ·Collision risk · Acoustic footprint · Turbine arrays","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2024-12-16","DateCreate":"2024-12-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_135"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":404874,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"157-178","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-3-031-50255-2","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":366159,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i></b> (2024). The effects of noise on aquatic life: Principles and practical considerations. Springer: Cham. ISBN 978-3-031-50255-2. LXI, 2173 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9</a>","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"The effects of noise on aquatic life: Principles and practical considerations","StartPage":157,"Pages":22,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Popper, A.N. <i>et 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