{"refrec":{"BRefID":405953,"RR":"<b>Nekola, J.C.; Brook, F.J.; Foon, J.K.; Horsáková, V.; Ishii, Y.; Köhler, F.; Líznarová, E.; Nováková, M.; Saito, T.; Salvador, R.B.; Horsák, M.</b> (2025). Will the real invasive snail please stand up? A phylogenetic reconsideration of <i>Paralaoma servilis</i> (Shuttleworth, 1852) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Punctidae). <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 203(1)</i>: zlae142. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142</a>","BEntID":403748,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 203(1)</i>: zlae142. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nekola, J.C.; Brook, F.J.; Foon, J.K.; Horsáková, V.; Ishii, Y.; Köhler, F.; Líznarová, E.; Nováková, M.; Saito, T.; Salvador, R.B.; Horsák, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nekola, J.C. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We reconsider the biodiversity and biogeography of <i>Paralaoma servilis</i>—believed to be one of the most globally invasive exotic land snails—through integrative empirical revision. Phylogenies obtained from nDNA (<i>ELAV</i>, ddRAD genomics) and mtDNA (<i>COI</i>) demonstrate that the current classification is in error, with there being at least five distinct species within <i>P. servilis s.l.</i> The <i>P. servilis</i> group as interpreted here thus includes: <i>P. servilis</i>, inferred to be native to south-western Pacific Rim with an adventive distribution minimally spanning North America, Europe, and the Macaronesian islands of the eastern Atlantic Ocean; <i>P. amblygona</i> (Reinhardt, 1877), native to Honshu, Japan; <i>P. borealis</i> (Pilsbry and Y. Hirase, 1905), native to Hokkaido, Japan along the Pacific Rim to the SW North American mountains; <i>P. caputspinulae</i> (Reeve, 1852), native to New Zealand and Lord Howe Island; and <i>P. morti</i> (J.C. Cox, 1864), native to south-eastern Australia. Within <i>P. servilis</i>, invasiveness appears limited to a single clade that may have arisen along the California coast. The work presented here is a reminder that taxonomic concepts that have not been subjected to empirical vetting can generate poor biodiversity perspectives and non-optimal conservation strategies when native species are treated as exotics.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Will the real invasive snail please stand up? 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