{"refrec":{"BRefID":405965,"RR":"<b>Fernando Morgado, Luis R. Vieira</b> (2025). Global ocean science infrastructures, technological development and plankton research, <b><i>in</i></b>: Vieira, L.R. <i>et al.</i> <i>Zooplankton challenges in a changing World:  Volume 1. A worldwide perspective and research approach.</i> pp. 1-38. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032662275-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032662275-2</a>","BEntID":403760,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Vieira, L.R. <i>et al.</i> <i>Zooplankton challenges in a changing World: Volume 1. A worldwide perspective and research approach.</i> pp. 1-38. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032662275-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032662275-2</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Fernando Morgado, Luis R. Vieira","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Fernando Morgado, Luis R. Vieira","Englishabstract":"&nbsp;The oceans are crucial for regulating the climate, producing oxygen, supporting biodiversity, and enabling economic activities. However, human activities and climate change are increasingly threatening ocean health, making it necessary to implement integrated management and enhanced monitoring.This chapter explores the interdisciplinary nature of ocean science and marine biology, emphasizing the importance of integrated ecosystem approaches to address ocean stressors. Technological advancements have revolutionized marine observations, allowing for real-time data collection and predictions. Operational and descriptive oceanography, using tools such as remote sensing, plays a crucial role in understanding ocean dynamics. Plankton, which makes up 95% of marine biomass, is essential for marine food webs and carbon cycling, making it a key indicator of ecosystem health. Research into plankton diversity, carbon cycling, and ecosystem services is essential for conservation and sustainability and requires global monitoring and technological innovations. Collaboration among international bodies and the integration of new marine technologies are vital for comprehensive plankton research and ecosystem management. Research institutions and laboratories act as hubs for interdisciplinary collaboration, addressing complex global challenges in ocean science. The IOC-UNESCO Global Ocean Science Report helps policy-makers and scientists understand the ocean science landscape. Global initiatives like GOOS and European Marine Research Infrastructures enhance ocean research capabilities, emphasizing infrastructure and international cooperation. 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