{"refrec":{"BRefID":406029,"RR":"<b>Petterson, R.G.; Cronin, M.F.; Swart, S.; Beja, J.; Edholm, J.M.; McKenna, J.; Palter, J.B.; Parker, A.; Addey, C.I.; Boone, W.; Bhuyan, P.; Buck, J.J.H.; Burger, E.F.; Burris, J.; Camus, L.; de Young, B.; du Plessis, M.; Flanigan, M.; Foltz, G.R.; Gille, S.T.; Grare, L.; Hansen, J.E.; Hole, L.R.; Honda, M.C.; Hormann, V.; Kohlman, C.; Kosaka, N.; Kuhn, C.; Lenain, L.; Looney, L.; Marouchos, A.; McGeorge, E.K.; McMahon, C.R.; Mitarai, S.; Mordy, C.; Nagano, A.; Nicholson, S.-A.; Nickford, S.; O'Brien, K.M.; Peddie, D.; Ponsoni, L.; Ramasco, V.; Rozenauers, N.; Siddle, E.; Stienbarger, C.; Sutton, A.J.; Tada, N.; Thomson, J.; Ueki, I.; Yu, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, D.</b> (2025). Uncrewed surface vehicles in the Global Ocean Observing System: A new frontier for observing and monitoring at the air-sea interface. <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 12</i>: 1523585. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1523585\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1523585</a>","BEntID":403827,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 12</i>: 1523585. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1523585\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1523585</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Petterson, R.G.; Cronin, M.F.; Swart, S.; Beja, J.; Edholm, J.M.; McKenna, J.; Palter, J.B.; Parker, A.; Addey, C.I.; Boone, W.; Bhuyan, P.; Buck, J.J.H.; Burger, E.F.; Burris, J.; Camus, L.; de Young, B.; du Plessis, M.; Flanigan, M.; Foltz, G.R.; Gille, S.T.; Grare, L.; Hansen, J.E.; Hole, L.R.; Honda, M.C.; Hormann, V.; Kohlman, C.; Kosaka, N.; Kuhn, C.; Lenain, L.; Looney, L.; Marouchos, A.; McGeorge, E.K.; McMahon, C.R.; Mitarai, S.; Mordy, C.; Nagano, A.; Nicholson, S.-A.; Nickford, S.; O'Brien, K.M.; Peddie, D.; Ponsoni, L.; Ramasco, V.; Rozenauers, N.; Siddle, E.; Stienbarger, C.; Sutton, A.J.; Tada, N.; Thomson, J.; Ueki, I.; Yu, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Petterson, R.G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Observing air-sea interactions on a global scale is essential for improving Earth system forecasts. Yet these exchanges are challenging to quantify for a range of reasons, including extreme conditions, vast and remote under-sampled locations, requirements for a multitude of co-located variables, and the high variability of fluxes in space and time. Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) present a novel solution for measuring these crucial air-sea interactions at a global scale. Powered by renewable energy (e.g., wind and waves for propulsion, solar power for electronics), USVs have provided navigable and persistent observing capabilities over the past decade and a half. In our review of 200 USV datasets and 96 studies, we found USVs have observed a total of 33 variables spanning physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecological processes at the air-sea transition zone. We present a map showing the global proliferation of USV adoption for scientific ocean observing. This review, carried out under the auspices of the ‘Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy’ (OASIS), makes the case for a permanent USV network to complement the mature and emerging networks within the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The Observations Coordination Group (OCG) overseeing GOOS has identified ten attributes of an <i>in-situ</i> global network. Here, we discuss and evaluate the maturation of the USV network towards meeting these attributes. 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