{"refrec":{"BRefID":406520,"RR":"<b>Furushima, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Sangekar, M.N.; Lindsay, D.J.; Fukuhara, T.; Nagao, M.</b> (2024). Understanding deep-sea turbulence for environmental impact assessments, <b><i>in</i></b>: Sharma, R. (Ed.) <i>Deep-sea mining and the water column: Advances, monitoring and related issues.</i> pp. 167-208. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3_6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3_6</a>","BEntID":404318,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Sharma, R. (Ed.) <i>Deep-sea mining and the water column: Advances, monitoring and related issues.</i> pp. 167-208. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3_6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3_6</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Furushima, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Sangekar, M.N.; Lindsay, D.J.; Fukuhara, T.; Nagao, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Furushima, Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Both the diffusion of turbid water (plume) and the redeposition of suspended particles associated with deep sea mining are expected to have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. In order to understand the actual conditions of the mixed environment near the seafloor, it is necessary to evaluate these environmental impacts.In a review of guidelines for environmental impact assessment related to deep-sea mining published by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the necessity of quantifying turbulence throughout the water column and vertical eddy diffusivity was suggested. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the dynamics of turbulence in the water column and directly above the seabed in the vicinity of deep-sea mining operations. However, the reality of deep-sea turbulence remains largely unexplored, and measurement techniques for deep-sea turbulence immediately above the seafloor have only recently been established. Consequently, while measurements of turbulence from the ocean surface to just above the seafloor have become possible, there are still challenges in terms of operation and cost.In this chapter, we present the results of our field survey of deep-sea turbulence intensity in different geographical environments and describe a method for estimating deep-sea turbulence (patent pending in Japan in 2021, application number: 2021–140,907) that we developed to solve the problems of deep-sea turbulence measurements. In addition, we have described a turbulence visualization technique using a shadowgraph-based imaging system with a high-resolution camera in order to understand the dynamics of suspended particles in situ, such as just above the deep-sea floor.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Understanding deep-sea turbulence for environmental impact assessments","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-04-14 01:32:22.896546","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Turbulence proxy · In situ observations · EIA methodologies","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2024,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-04-07","DateCreate":"2025-04-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3_6"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":406520,"PubliDate":2024,"Pagination":"167-208","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-3-031-59060-3","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":406519,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Sharma, R. (Ed.)</b> (2024). Deep-sea mining and the water column: Advances, monitoring and related issues. Springer: Cham. ISBN 978-3-031-59060-3. XI, 603 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59060-3</a>","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Deep-sea mining and the water column: Advances, monitoring and related issues","StartPage":167,"Pages":42,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Sharma, R. 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