{"refrec":{"BRefID":409594,"RR":"<b>Nützel, A.; Schneider, S.; Bakayeva, S.; Kaim, A.</b> (2025). The earliest cowries: The origin of cypraeoid gastropods. <i>Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 70(2)</i>: 213-223. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.01245.2025\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.01245.2025</a>","BEntID":407399,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 70(2)</i>: 213-223. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.01245.2025\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.01245.2025</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nützel, A.; Schneider, S.; Bakayeva, S.; Kaim, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nützel, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Cowries, the family Cypraeidae, form a diverse and conspicuous group of gastropods living in tropical to subtropical seas. Their shell is convolute (last whorl covers all previous ones) with a narrow, slit-like siphonate aperture bearing denticles (“teeth”). When extended, a large part of their shell surface is covered by a soft fleshy mantle. The earliest cowries were reported from the Upper Jurassic of Sicily: <i>Cypraea tithonica</i> and <i>Cypraea gemmellaroi</i>. Subsequently, these species had been assigned to various cypraeid genera. Examination of the type material of <i>Cypraea tithonica</i> reveals that this species represents a new genus: <i>Coffeacypraea</i> Nützel &amp; Schneider. <i>Cypraea gemmellaroi</i> also belongs to this new genus and is potentially synonymous with <i>Coffeacypraea tithonica</i>. The Upper Jurassic caenogastropod genera <i>Colombellina </i>and<i> Zittelia</i> (family Colombellinidae) also have narrowly elongated siphonate apertures and are closely related to Cypraeidae but their shells are not convolute. 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