{"refrec":{"BRefID":436679,"RR":"<b>Khaliq, S.; Nachev, M.; Riekenberg, P.M.; Jochmann, M.A.; Vosough, M.; Franke, F.; Scharsack, J.P.; Kurtz, J.; Sures, B.; van der Meer, M.T.J.; Schmidt, T.C.</b> (2025). Trophic dynamics and metabolic pathways in host parasite interactions revealed by nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids in multiple tissues. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 15(1)</i>: 32600. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0</a>","BEntID":434509,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 15(1)</i>: 32600. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Khaliq, S.; Nachev, M.; Riekenberg, P.M.; Jochmann, M.A.; Vosough, M.; Franke, F.; Scharsack, J.P.; Kurtz, J.; Sures, B.; van der Meer, M.T.J.; Schmidt, T.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Khaliq, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">Trophic interactions are crucial for understanding food web complexity and energy flow in ecosystems. Including parasites in these analyses can alter dynamics and challenge ecological assumptions. Compound-specific isotope analysis offers greater precision than bulk stable isotope analysis by analyzing individual amino acids, providing deeper insights into nutrient exchange and metabolism in host-parasite systems. In this study, we conducted a 120-day controlled feeding experiment to investigate parasite metabolic pathways, host-parasite trophic dynamics, and trophic fractionation between infected and uninfected sticklebacks. Nitrogen isotope composition (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">N) was measured in host </span><i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\"> liver and muscle tissues, and its ‘cestode’ parasite (</span><i>Schistocephalus solidus</i><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">). Parasite serine δ</span><sup>15</sup><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">N values were higher by 4.4 ± 2.4‰ compared to host liver, indicating a strong metabolic link. Lower proline concentrations and increased alanine δ</span><sup>15</sup><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">N values (5‰) indicate support of parasite growth through conversion to hydroxyproline and increased gluconeogenesis. The trophic position difference between parasite and host tissues was &lt; 0.5, suggesting direct assimilation of host-derived products. Infected host tissues exhibited ~ 5‰ increase in glycine δ</span><sup>15</sup><span style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(34,34,34);\">N over time compared to control tissues, likely reflecting the host’s increased metabolic demand for immune support during infection. This study highlights the complex metabolic interactions in host-parasite systems.</span>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Trophic dynamics and metabolic pathways in host parasite interactions revealed by nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids in multiple tissues","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:31:41.645749","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Host-parasite interactions; Food webs; Metabolic pathways; Stable isotope; GC-C-IRMS; Cestode","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2025,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-12-17","DateCreate":"2025-12-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":436679,"PubliDate":2025,"Pagination":"32600","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"15","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322","StandardTitleSer":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group)","ISSN":"2045-2322","AbbrevSer":"NPG Scientific Reports","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":32600,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Khaliq","Firstname":"Shaista","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":579318,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Nachev","Firstname":"Milen","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":538097,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Riekenberg","Firstname":"Philip","Initials":"P.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":420611,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"MMB","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry","ORCID":"0000-0002-6275-5762","PersID":39261,"InsID":13655},{"AutName":"Jochmann","Firstname":"Maik A.","Initials":"M.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":579319,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Vosough","Firstname":"Maryam","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":612996,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Franke","Firstname":"Frederik","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":612997,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Scharsack","Firstname":"Jörn","Initials":"J.P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":426850,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Kurtz","Firstname":"Joachim","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Univ Munster, Inst Evolut & Biodivers, D-48149 Munster, Germany.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":308434,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Sures","Firstname":"Bernd","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":22721,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"van der Meer","Firstname":"Marcel","Initials":"M.T.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":237370,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"MMB","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry","ORCID":"0000-0001-6454-1752","PersID":29853,"InsID":13655},{"AutName":"Schmidt","Firstname":"Torsten C.","Initials":"T.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":434509,"AutID":579325,"OrderNr":11,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":434509,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":418468,"LibID":2779,"BRefID":436679,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"418468","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":null,"Library":"NIOZ","DutchTerm":null,"URL":null,"ClassifID":260,"Classification":"NIOZ Open Repository","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":null,"LoggedInReq":null,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_NIOZ","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":397,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"NIOZ","Notes":null,"AccConID":21,"AccessConstraint":"Attribution (CC BY)","LicURL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":805,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"805":{"SpName":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee","SpColID":805,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"NIOZ","URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imis/nioz/imis.php?refid=","LibID":2779,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":1,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"NIOZ"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":434509,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":434509,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0","externalID":"10.1038/s41598-025-19052-0","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":155004,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"daan.van.loon@nioz.nl","newSesDate":{"date":"2025-12-17 10:00:24.450000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"daan.van.loon@nioz.nl","updSesDate":{"date":"2025-12-17 10:00:24.450000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}