{"refrec":{"BRefID":438614,"RR":"<b>Nicholas Seng, R.Y.; Davison, G.W.H.; Leong, B.P.I.; Jonathan Tan, Y.H.</b> (2026). The sponges (Porifera) of the Southern Islands, Singapore. <i>Southern Islands Biodiversity Survey, Singapore</i>. National Parks Board: Singapore. 23 pp.","BEntID":436447,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Southern Islands Biodiversity Survey, Singapore</i>. National Parks Board: Singapore.  23 pp.","DocTypID":13,"DocType":"Reports","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nicholas Seng, R.Y.; Davison, G.W.H.; Leong, B.P.I.; Jonathan Tan, Y.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nicholas Seng, R.Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Singapore has high levels of marine biodiversity. Sponges were included in a survey of intertidal habitats fringing the Southern Islands of Singapore in 2020–2022, resulting in a checklist of all recorded and recognized species of sponge from the Southern Islands Biodiversity Survey, from published literature and other internal and unpublished records. These yielded 178 species in the Southern Islands out of approximately 200 species known nationally. The factors influencing species richness at each site are unclear but may include substrate quality, water quality and currents that facilitate or hinder dispersal. Reef area and length of coastline are not correlated with species numbers. Further research will be needed on species ecology in order to reap the conservation value, ecological services and biomedical potential of the sponges in the Southern Islands.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"MS","StandardTitle":"The sponges (Porifera) of the Southern Islands, Singapore","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:40:46.057980","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2026,"DateUpdate":"2026-04-13","DateCreate":"2026-04-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":438614,"ISBN":null,"PubliDate":2026,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"Pagination":"23","Place":"Singapore","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":438613,"SerRR":"Southern Islands Biodiversity Survey, Singapore. 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