{"refrec":{"BRefID":438641,"RR":"<b>Barbosa, J.; De Backer, J.; Neyts, M.; Parmentier, K.; Laduron, F.; Geukens, K.; François, P.; Janssen, C.; Asselman, J.</b> (2026). Contrasting toxicity between explosives– and chemical warfare agents–related compounds to the marine primary producer <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>. <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 313</i>: 120023. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120023</a>","BEntID":436474,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 313</i>: 120023. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120023</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Barbosa, J.; De Backer, J.; Neyts, M.; Parmentier, K.; Laduron, F.; Geukens, K.; François, P.; Janssen, C.; Asselman, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Barbosa, J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Vast amounts of munitions dumped in the marine environment, have been reported to leak chemicals due to munition corrosion. The subsequent increased levels of explosives and related chemicals (E&amp;RC), as well as chemical warfare agents and related chemicals (CWA&amp;RC), raise risks for environmental and human health Yet, ecotoxicity data on primary producers is currently scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the acute effects of three CWA&amp;RC (1,4-oxathiane, 1,4-dithiane, and thiodiglycol) and four E&amp;RC (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), tetryl, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), and picric acid) on <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>, a key marine diatom at the basis of the aquatic food web. Results showed that none of the three CWA&amp;RC significantly inhibited the growth rate of <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> at the tested concentrations. Interestingly, picric acid stimulated growth up under the experimental conditions, suggesting a hormetic effect. TNT, tetryl, and 1,3-DNB strongly inhibited growth, with experimentally derived EC10 and EC50 values approaching environmentally relevant concentrations near dumpsites. Consequently, diatom biomass may be significantly affected by TNT, tetryl, and 1,3-DNB, potentially disturbing primary production and ocean chemistry. Future research should examine potential synergies between munition compounds and other marine pollutants, which may aggravate toxic effects, as well as consider long-term toxicity tests.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Contrasting toxicity between explosives– and chemical warfare agents–related compounds to the marine primary producer <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-01 01:32:42.366260","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Explosives; Chemical warfare agents; Munition dumpsites; Acute toxicity; Marine microalgae","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2026,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-04-14","DateCreate":"2026-04-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001718517200001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120023"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":438641,"PubliDate":2026,"Pagination":"120023","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"313","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42636,"SerRR":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 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