{"refrec":{"BRefID":438645,"RR":"<b>Vanstraelen, L.; Cuypers, V.; Artois, T.; Monnens, M.</b> (2026). Cutting the Gordian knot: a taxonomic revision of <i>Gyratrix hermaphroditus</i> Ehrenberg, 1831 (Platyhelminthes), with remarks on taxonomic decision-making. <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 206(3)</i>: zlag013. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013</a>","BEntID":436478,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 206(3)</i>: zlag013. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vanstraelen, L.; Cuypers, V.; Artois, T.; Monnens, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vanstraelen, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Taxonomic decision-making often requires balancing incomplete biological knowledge with the need for a usable classification. This is exemplified by the microturbellarian species complex <i>Gyratrix hermaphroditus</i> (Rhabdocoela: Polycystididae): this cosmopolitan ‘species’ has long been suspected to harbour substantial hidden diversity, but has never been formally split. Here, we integrate morphological, molecular, morphometric, and high-resolution SEM data to draw taxonomic boundaries within the complex. We also incorporate new sequences from specimens collected near the type locality into the existing molecular phylogeny. Combining these data, we here describe 14 species: <i>G. hermaphroditus, G. tessensi</i> sp. nov., <i>G. timoshkini</i> sp. nov., <i>G. dannyi</i> sp. nov.<i>, G. magnihamus</i> sp. nov., <i>G. plicatus</i> sp. nov.<i>, G. bihamatus</i> sp. nov.<i>, G. magnivexillum</i> sp. nov.<i>, G. acutus</i> sp. nov.<i>, G. karinae</i> sp. nov., <i>G. diezi</i> sp. nov., <i>G. victori</i> sp. nov., <i>G. longistilus</i> sp. nov., and <i>G. vinsenti</i> sp. nov. Each species corresponds to a clear morphotype that can be readily recognized in nature, and is supported by molecular data. This study presents an extensive effort to resolve species’ diversity within a large species complex and illustrates how diverse datasets can be integrated into a robust taxonomy.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Cutting the Gordian knot: a taxonomic revision of <i>Gyratrix hermaphroditus</i> Ehrenberg, 1831 (Platyhelminthes), with remarks on taxonomic decision-making","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:40:03.018251","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"cryptic species, integrative taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, morphology, SEM, ‘turbellaria’","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2026,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-04-15","DateCreate":"2026-04-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001704407400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":438645,"PubliDate":2026,"Pagination":"zlag013","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"206","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45039,"SerRR":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Academic Press: London.  ISSN 0024-4082; e-ISSN 1096-3642","StandardTitleSer":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","ISSN":"0024-4082","AbbrevSer":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Vanstraelen","Firstname":"Laura","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology Hasselt University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":436478,"AutID":618274,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"CMKDK","InsFSN":"Universiteit Hasselt; Centre for Environmental Sciences; Onderzoeksgroep Dierkunde: Biodiversiteit en Toxicologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":41},{"AutName":"Cuypers","Firstname":"Vincent","Initials":"V.","Affiliation":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":436478,"AutID":622545,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"CMKDK","InsFSN":"Universiteit Hasselt; Centre for Environmental Sciences; Onderzoeksgroep Dierkunde: Biodiversiteit en Toxicologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":41},{"AutName":"Artois","Firstname":"Tom","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":436478,"AutID":498943,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"CMKDK","InsFSN":"Universiteit Hasselt; Centre for Environmental Sciences; Onderzoeksgroep Dierkunde: Biodiversiteit en Toxicologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-2491-7273","PersID":563,"InsID":41},{"AutName":"Monnens","Firstname":"Marlies","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":436478,"AutID":618279,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"CMKDK","InsFSN":"Universiteit Hasselt; Centre for Environmental Sciences; Onderzoeksgroep Dierkunde: Biodiversiteit en Toxicologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-9133-1512","PersID":35940,"InsID":41}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":420248,"LibID":36,"BRefID":438645,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"420248","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Academic Press","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Gyratrix hermaphroditus"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"},"915":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) acknowledged","SpColID":915,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn"},"947":{"SpName":"WoRMS ackn - direct reference","SpColID":947,"ParSpColID":915,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn - direct","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn/WoRMS ackn - direct"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":436478,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":436478,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013","externalID":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":159954,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Gyratrix hermaphroditus","AphiaID":143184,"TaxtID":52322}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Gyratrix hermaphroditus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":143184,"TaxtID":52322}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2026-04-14 08:27:15.387000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2026-04-15 08:26:08.120000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}