{"refrec":{"BRefID":440527,"RR":"<b>Folens, K.; Van Landuyt, J.; Waegenaar, F.; Van Haelst, S.; De Baere, K.; Boon, N.</b> (2026). The legacy of two World War II shipwrecks and their influence on marine microbial communities of coastal sediment and geochemistry in the North Sea. <i>Mar. Freshw. Res. 77(9)</i>: MF25096. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf25096\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf25096</a>","BEntID":438360,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Freshw. Res. 77(9)</i>: MF25096. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf25096\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf25096</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Folens, K.; Van Landuyt, J.; Waegenaar, F.; Van Haelst, S.; De Baere, K.; Boon, N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Folens, K. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Context: The North Sea hosts numerous historic shipwrecks. Two World War II vessels with ferrous hull were investigated, namely, a German <i>Sperrbrecher 141</i> and Allied <i>HMS Basilisk</i>. Aims: Their disturbance of the coastal seabed was determined. More specifically, the microbial composition, diversity and introduction of iron, aluminium, sulfur and zinc was measured in marine sediment samples. Methods: Elemental analysis was conducted by microwaved-assisted HF destruction prior to inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Microbial characterisation involved the use of flow-cytometry, ATP spectroscopic assay and <i>16S rRNA</i> amplicon sequencing .Key result: The wrecks cause enrichment in sulfur and largely varying iron concentrations (4.6–153&nbsp;mg&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>). Aluminium, which was less abundant, correlated to some extent with the bacterial cell density. Marine bacteria detected include Verrucomicrobiaceae, <i>Woeseia</i> and Flavobacteriaceae, next to sulfur and iron cyclers, similar to Desulfocapsaceae, Sulfurovaceae, <i>Desulfuromonas</i> and <i>B2M28</i> that are active in dissimilatory iron reduction. Close to the wrecks, the alpha diversity in the seabed was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Hence, the submerged wrecks still alter the coastal sediment geochemistry and microbiology. Implications: Marine ecosystems near sunken war ships show an adaptive response that microbially cycle iron and sulfur, enriched in those environments. Results show special relevance to recent off-shore structures in coastal areas.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The legacy of two World War II shipwrecks and their influence on marine microbial communities of coastal sediment and geochemistry in the North Sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:41:31.305350","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"element cycling, environmental microbiology, iron oxidising bacteria, metal content, microbial community analysis","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2026,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-06-09","DateCreate":"2026-06-09","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1071/mf25096"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":440527,"PubliDate":2026,"Pagination":"MF25096","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"77","Issue":"9","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":71721,"SerRR":"Marine and Freshwater Research. 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