{"refrec":{"BRefID":440847,"RR":"<b>Baytut, Ö.; Çetin, T.</b> (2026). Integrating functional trait diversity and machine learning for ecological status assessment of Turkish coastal waters under the EU water framework directive. <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 341</i>: 110107. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107</a>","BEntID":438681,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 341</i>: 110107. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Baytut, Ö.; Çetin, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Baytut, Ö.; Çetin, T.","Englishabstract":"Understanding the functional attributes of phytoplankton communities is critical for improving ecological status assessments in coastal waters. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of phytoplankton functional diversity (FD) alongside taxonomic biodiversity across Turkish coastal waters using an integrated analytical approach that combines ordination techniques, trait-based metrics, and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Phytoplankton biomass and trait data collected from 78 coastal stations (2016–2020) were used to compute Functional Richness (FRic), Functional Evenness (FEve), Functional Divergence (FDiv), Shannon diversity, Menhinick's richness, and Pielou's evenness. Community composition was characterised using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on (Bray–Curtis) dissimilarities, while major environmental gradients were identified through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). FDiv was the most predictable index, with SVR achieving the highest accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.847), closely followed by Random Forest (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.843) and Gradient Boosting (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.827). The hybrid framework introduced here provides a transferable, early-warning tool for ecological diagnostics and establishes a robust foundation for next-generation coastal biomonitoring.The findings of this study have direct implications for policymakers and environmental managers, particularly within the implementation framework of the European Union Water Framework Directive (EU WFD).","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Integrating functional trait diversity and machine learning for ecological status assessment of Turkish coastal waters under the EU water framework directive","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-07-23 01:41:05.855834","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"AuthorKeywords":"Trait-based ecology; Phytoplankton community structure; Ecological status assessment; Biomonitoring; ANFIS; Biodiversity indices","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2026,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-07-22","DateCreate":"2026-07-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":440847,"PubliDate":2026,"Pagination":"110107","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"341","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44109,"SerRR":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Academic Press: London; New York.  ISSN 0272-7714; e-ISSN 1096-0015","StandardTitleSer":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","ISSN":"0272-7714","AbbrevSer":"Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Baytut","Firstname":"Özgür","Initials":"Ö.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":438681,"AutID":628699,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Çetin","Firstname":"Tolga","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":438681,"AutID":628700,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":422403,"LibID":36,"BRefID":440847,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"422403","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Academic Press","City":"London; New York"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"},"915":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) acknowledged","SpColID":915,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn"},"947":{"SpName":"WoRMS ackn - direct reference","SpColID":947,"ParSpColID":915,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn - direct","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn/WoRMS ackn - direct"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":438681,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":438681,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107","externalID":"10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110107","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":164221,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2026-07-22 10:03:54.697000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2026-07-22 10:03:54.697000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}