{"refrec":{"BRefID":448795,"RR":"<b>Bijma, J.; Hagens, M.; Hammes, J.S.; Planavsky, N.; von Strandmann, P.A.E.P.; Reershemius, T.; Reinhard, C.T.; Renforth, P.; Suhrhoff, T.J.; Vicca, S.; Vienne, A.; Wolf-Gladrow, D.</b> (2026). Reviews and syntheses: Carbon vs. cation based MRV of Enhanced Rock Weathering and the issue of soil organic carbon. <i>Biogeosciences 23(1)</i>: 53-75. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026</a>","BEntID":446633,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biogeosciences 23(1)</i>: 53-75. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bijma, J.; Hagens, M.; Hammes, J.S.; Planavsky, N.; von Strandmann, P.A.E.P.; Reershemius, T.; Reinhard, C.T.; Renforth, P.; Suhrhoff, T.J.; Vicca, S.; Vienne, A.; Wolf-Gladrow, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bijma, J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We discuss the \"monitoring, reporting and verification\" (MRV) strategy of Enhanced Weathering (EW) based on carbon accounting and argue that in open systems such as arable land, this approach is ill-suited to close the balance of all carbon fluxes. We argue for total alkalinity (TA) as the central parameter for the carbon based MRV of EW. However, we also stress that tracking alkalinity fluxes using a systems-level approach is best done by focusing on charge balance maintenance through time. We start by explaining the concept and history of alkalinity conceptualization for the oceans. The same analytical method first proposed for the oceans - titration with a strong acid - is now commonly used for porewaters in agricultural soils. We explain why this is an accurate analysis for ocean water and why it is unsuitable to record TA for porewaters in agricultural soils. We then introduce an alternative MRV based on cation accounting and finally discuss the fate of cations released from the weathering of basalt, soil cation dynamics and close by suggesting open research questions.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Reviews and syntheses: Carbon vs. cation based MRV of Enhanced Rock Weathering and the issue of soil organic carbon","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-10-05 01:50:03.718606","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"AuthorKeywords":"lithium isotope behavior;proton-binding;total alkalinity;co2;sequestration;stabilization;climate;model;cycle;preservation","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2026,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-09-28","DateCreate":"2026-09-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001653677500001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.5194/bg-23-53-2026"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":448795,"PubliDate":2026,"Pagination":"53-75","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"23","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":68092,"SerRR":"<b>Gattuso, J.P.; Kesselmeier, J. 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ISSN 1726-4170; e-ISSN 1726-4189","StandardTitleSer":"Biogeosciences","ISSN":"1726-4170","AbbrevSer":"Biogeosciences","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":53,"Pages":23,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Bijma","Firstname":"Jelle","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":446633,"AutID":637306,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0003-4371-1438","PersID":15340,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Hagens","Firstname":"Mathilde","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":"Wageningen University & 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