{"refrec":{"BRefID":448981,"RR":"<b>Hernandez-Torres, D.; Tao, Z.; Sellier, F.</b> (2025). Bi-level energy management and design optimization for hybrid marine power system applications. <i>IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo </i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITEC63604.2025.11098088\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITEC63604.2025.11098088</a>","BEntID":446819,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo </i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITEC63604.2025.11098088\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITEC63604.2025.11098088</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hernandez-Torres, D.; Tao, Z.; Sellier, F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hernandez-Torres, D.; Tao, Z.; Sellier, F.","Englishabstract":"This paper presents a two-level nested optimization methodology for energy management and component sizing optimization in hybrid marine energy systems. The approach combines mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) for high-resolution energy management system (EMS) optimization and Bayesian optimization for overall system design. By integrating high-resolution operational data and low-resolution design data, the proposed framework enables optimal integration of battery and supercapacitor systems in maritime vessels. The methodology is applied to real-world case studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in supporting the adoption of innovative battery (such as semi-solid state Li-ion cells) and supercapacitor chemistries. The results show significant potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, contributing to greener and more efficient shipping. This work highlights the applicability of bi-level optimization as a decision-making tool to advance sustainable marine energy systems.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Bi-level energy management and design optimization for hybrid marine power system applications","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-10-05 01:50:03.718606","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"AuthorKeywords":"optimization;energy management;bi-level optimization;Bayesian optimization;hybrid marine power system","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2025,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-09-28","DateCreate":"2026-09-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001554935600179","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1109/ITEC63604.2025.11098088"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":448981,"PubliDate":2025,"Pagination":null,"XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":448372,"SerRR":"IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. 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