{"refrec":{"BRefID":449061,"RR":"Zhu, B.; Willems, P. (2025). Development of a conceptual reservoir-type model for salinity simulation along the tidal river. J. Hydrol. (Amst.) 663: 134096. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134096","BEntID":446899,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". J. Hydrol. (Amst.) 663: 134096. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134096","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Zhu, B.; Willems, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Zhu, B.; Willems, P.","Englishabstract":"Increasing saltwater intrusion in estuaries driven by climate change and human activities necessitates efficient predictive tools, yet high-resolution models remain computationally prohibitive for large-scale applications. This study presents a conceptual reservoir-type model (CM), which is a simplification of the full hydrodynamic 1D MIKE11 framework, designed to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. The CM comprises two modules: (1) a hydrodynamic module resolving discharge (Q) and water level (WL) via sequential reservoir calculations, and (2) an advection-dispersion module simulating salinity (S) dynamics using the finite difference method. Validated for the Scheldt Estuary against MIKE11 simulations, the CM achieves Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) > 0.9 for WL, > 0.8 for Q, and > 0.85 for S, effectively capturing spatial gradients (e.g., downstream-to-upstream decline), tidal variability, and abrupt tributary impacts (e.g., Rupel River). Despite the coarser spatial resolution ( 6,000 m vs. MIKE11's 300 m for S node spacing), the CM demonstrates the capacity to accurately simulate S dynamics, with slight overestimations, particularly excelling in simulating high 95th percentile salinities. Moreover, the CM reliably estimates S at non-aligned spatial nodes with simple interpolation, as demonstrated through validation against field data. After scenario testing, its high computational efficiency and spatial flexibility (enabling rapid sub-reach adaptation without grid reconfiguration) support scalable and robust applications like zoning management for saltwater monitoring under climate change.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Development of a conceptual reservoir-type model for salinity simulation along the tidal river","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-10-04 01:43:33.528647","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"AuthorKeywords":"Seawater intrusion;Conceptual model;High salinity;mike11;Scheldt estuary;intrusion;risk","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2025,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2026-09-28","DateCreate":"2026-09-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001568478300001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134096"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":449061,"PubliDate":2025,"Pagination":"134096","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"663","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43070,"SerRR":"Journal of Hydrology. 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