{"refrec":{"BRefID":53860,"RR":"<b>Werner, I.</b> (2000). Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface, <b><i>in</i></b>: Liebezeit, G. <i>et al.</i> <i>Life at Interfaces and Under Extreme Conditions: Proceedings of the 33rd European Marine Biology Symposium, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 7-11 September 1998. Developments in Hydrobiology,</i> 151: pp. 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8</a>","BEntID":327818,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Liebezeit, G. <i>et al.</i> <i>Life at interfaces and under extreme conditions: Proceedings of the 33rd European Marine Biology Symposium, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 7-11 September 1998. European Marine Biology Symposia,</i> 33: pp. 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Werner, I.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Werner, I.","Englishabstract":"The underside of Arctic sea ice is inhabited by several autochthonous amphipod species (<i>Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus</i> spp., <i>Gammarus wilkitzkii</i>). The amphipods graze on ice-bound organic matter, such as ice algae, detritus and ice fauna, and release faecal pellets into the underlying water column, thus forming a direct link between the sea ice and the pelagic ecosystems. Experiments on faecal pellet production rates showed species-specific differences, which were related to size of the animals. The smallest species, <i>A. glacialis</i>, produced the highest mean number of pellets (15.4 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>), followed by <i>Onisimus</i> spp. (2.7 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) and the largest species, <i>G. wilkitzkii</i> (1.1 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>). Relative carbon content of the pellets was very similar in all species (21.2-22.6% dry mass). Juvenile amphipods (<i>Onisimus</i> spp., <i>G. wilkitzkii</i>) produced more pellets with less POC than adults. Based on field determinations of the POC concentration in the lowermost 2 cm of the sea ice (mean: 36.4 mg C m<sup>-2</sup>) and mean amphipod abundances (<i>A. glacialis</i>: 33.8 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>, <i>Onisimus</i> spp.: 0.5 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>, <i>G, wilkitzkii</i>: 9.4 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) in the Greenland Sea in summer 1994, the amount of POC transferred from the ice to the water by faecal pellet production was estimated (0.7 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> or almost 2% of ice-bound carbon). Since this process probably takes place in all ice-covered Arctic regions as well as during all seasons, grazing and pellet production by under-ice amphipods contributes significantly to matter flux across the ice/water interface.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AMS","StandardTitle":"Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2000,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-08","DateCreate":"2003-11-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":53860,"PubliDate":2000,"Pagination":"89-96","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-0-7923-6468-9","Volume":"33","Issue":null,"BRefMon":25583,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Liebezeit, G.; Dittmann, S.; Kröncke, I. (Ed.)</b> (2000). Life at interfaces and under extreme conditions: Proceedings of the 33rd European Marine Biology Symposium, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 7-11 September 1998. <i>European Marine Biology Symposia</i>, 33. <i>Developments in Hydrobiology</i>, 151. ISBN 978-0-7923-6468-9; e-ISBN 978-94-011-4148-2. VII, 210 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2</a>","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":20275,"SerRR":"European Marine Biology Symposia.","StandardTitleSer":"European Marine Biology Symposia","ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Life at interfaces and under extreme conditions: Proceedings of the 33rd European Marine Biology Symposium, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 7-11 September 1998","StartPage":89,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"MS","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Liebezeit, G.; Dittmann, S.; Kröncke, I. (Ed.)"},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":[{"YBRefID":25613,"RefStrFull":"<b>Werner, I.</b> (2000). Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface. <i>Hydrobiologia 426</i>: 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103</a>","RelID":4,"Relation":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface"}],"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"Wischhofstr. 1-3","Email":"iwerner@ipoe.uni-kiel.de","Line2":null,"EnvName":"Germany"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Werner","Firstname":"Iris","Initials":"I.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":327818,"AutID":22939,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":[{"LitStyID":3,"Style":"Conference paper"}],"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":[{"PublName":"Springer Science+Business Media","Place":"Dordrecht"}],"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets","ThestID":3022,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Excretory products > Faecal pellets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface","ThestID":4217,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Interfaces > Ice-water interface"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic","ThestID":186315,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"PN, Arctic"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda"},{"TaxTerm":"Apherusa glacialis"},{"TaxTerm":"Gammarus wilkitzkii"},{"TaxTerm":"Onisimus"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Arctic Ocean"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":[{"AutName":"Liebezeit","Initials":"G.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":25583,"AutID":5587,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Liebezeit, G.; Dittmann, S.; Kröncke, I. 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