{"refrec":{"BRefID":55569,"RR":"Poulin, E.; Féral, J.-P. (1998). Consequences of brood protection in the diversity of Antarctic echinoids. Océanis (Paris) 24(4): 159-188","BEntID":53236,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". Océanis (Paris) 24(4): 159-188","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Poulin, E.; Féral, J.-P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Poulin, E.; Féral, J.-P.","Englishabstract":"Marine invertebrates display a great variety of life-history traits and reproductive strategies. In echinoids, four patterns of larval development are generally recognized: planktotrophy, pelagic lecithotrophy, bottom dwelling and brood-protecting. Each broad type of free and protected development is found in all the oceans, but comparisons of the principal reproductive modes between different geographic regions have shown that they are not equally distributed. Frequency of pelagic development (planktotrophic and lecithotrophic) decreases from equator to Antarctic, where brood-protecting become dominant. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the richness of non-pelagic development in most marine invertebrates within the Southern Ocean. These theories can be grouped into three categories: (1) larval survival, where selection acts on larvae, (2) energy allocation, (3) dispersal. All of them consider the adaptative significance of broodprotecting as the key to the success of this strategy in the Antarctic. However, the adaptative significance of brooding and the evolutionary success of this strategy in the Antarctic must be considered as two separate questions. To consider the problem at an evolutionary level, we have examined the consequences of different reproductive strategies on the genetic structure of species and on the longterm evolution of the clade. We examine this problem in the case of echinoids, a clade particularly well suited to addressing this question. In echinoids, the reduction of larval stage duration is associated with a decrease in gene flow and consequently of the geographical scale of genetic differentiation. This allows us to reconsider the high speciation rate model which leads to an increase in number of low dispersal species (isolation by distance). This model, previously tested by means of fossils is not satisfactory in living echinoids. Thus, the model is rebuilt with the addition of differential extinction rate between planktotrophic and brooding species in relation to the climatic history of the Antarctic.","AbstractOtherLang":"Il existe une grande variete de traits d'histoire de vie et de strategies reproductrices chez les invertebres marins. Chez les oursins, quatre modeles de developpement larvaire sont generalement identifies : la planctotrophie, la lecithotrophie pelagique, la lecithotrophie benthique ou neretique, et l'incubation. Chaque grand type de developpement, libre et protege, existe dans tous les oceans, mais les comparaisons des principaux modes reproducteurs entre differentes regions geographiques ont montre qu'ils ne sont pas uniformement repartis. La frequence du developpement pelagique (planctotrophe et lecithotrophe) diminue de l'equateur vers l'Antarctique, ou l'incubation devient le mode ultradominant. De nombreuses theories ont ete proposees pour expliquer le grand nombre d'especes a developpement non pelagique chez la majorite des invertebres marins de l'ocean Austral. Ces theories peuvent etre regroupees en trois categories basees (1) sur la survie larvaire, ou la selection agit sur la larve, (2) sur l'allocation d'energie, et (3) sur la dispersion. Toutes considerent la signification adaptative de l'incubation comme la cle du succes de cette strategie dans l'Antarctique. Cependant, la signification de l'incubation et le succes evolutif de cette strategie dans l'Antarctique doivent etre consideres separement, comme deux questions distinctes. Au plan evolutif, nous avons examine les consequences de differentes strategies reproductrices sur la structure genetique de l'espece et sur l'evolution a long terme du clade. Nous abordons ce probleme dans le cas des oursins, un clade particulierement interessant pour s'attaquer a cette question : dans ce groupe zoologique, la reduction de la duree de la phase larvaire est associee a une diminution du flux genique et, par consequent, de l'echelle geographique de la differenciation genetique. Ceci nous permet de reconsiderer le modele de forte speciation differentielle qui aboutit a une augmentation du nombre des especes a faible potentiel de dispersion (isolement par la distance). Ce modele, valide pour les fossiles, n'est pas satisfaisant pour les oursins actuels. II est donc ici reconstruit en prenant en compte les taux d'extinction differentielle existant entre especes planctotrophes et incubantes, et ce en relation avec l'histoire climatique de l'Antarctique.","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Consequences of brood protection in the diversity of Antarctic echinoids","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1998,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-12-01","DateCreate":"2003-12-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":55569,"PubliDate":1998,"Pagination":"159-188","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"24","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43595,"SerRR":"Océanis (Paris). Institut Océanographique: Paris. ISSN 0182-0745","StandardTitleSer":"Océanis (Paris)","ISSN":"0182-0745","AbbrevSer":"Océanis (Paris)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":159,"Pages":30,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Poulin","Firstname":null,"Initials":"E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":53236,"AutID":32999,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Féral","Firstname":"Jean-Pierre","Initials":"J.-P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":53236,"AutID":10860,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0001-7627-0160","PersID":1875,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":53246,"LibID":36,"BRefID":55569,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"53246","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"
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