{"refrec":{"BRefID":58468,"RR":"<b>Lenssen, J.P.M.; Menting, F.B.J.; van der Putten, W.H.</b> (2004). Do competition and selective herbivory cause replacement of <i>Phragmites australis</i> by tall forbs? <i>Aquat. Bot. 78(3)</i>: 217-232. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.10.006\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.10.006</a>","BEntID":56043,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":" <i>Aquat. Bot. 78(3)</i>: 217-232. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.10.006\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.10.006</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lenssen, J.P.M.; Menting, F.B.J.; van der Putten, W.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lenssen, J.P.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We investigated the role of biotic factors in determining abundance of the low marsh species <i>Phragmites australis</i> and the high marsh species <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i>. In a 2-year field experiment, at a position where <i>Phragmites</i> and <i>Epilobium</i> co-occurred, responses of both species to each other's removal were measured. In the second year, we also tested if larvae of <i>Archanara geminipuncta</i>, which feed exclusively on <i>Phragmites</i> shoots, affect the competitive ability of <i>Phragmites</i> relative to <i>Epilobium</i>. For both species, removal of aboveground material by clipping did not enhance shoot size or decrease variability in shoot size of the removed species itself. Surprisingly however, shoot numbers of both species increased after removal of the other, which demonstrates that there was a mutual inhibition of each other's abundance. Comparing the responses of <i>Archanara</i>-infested and non-infested <i>Phragmites</i> shoots revealed no increased competitive suppression by <i>Epilobium</i> due to selective herbivory. Instead, we found that herbivore activity was lower in plots with <i>Epilobium</i>, which demonstrates that <i>Archanara</i> population size is reduced by the presence of non-host plant species. These results contradict the common assumption that biotic factors constrain a species upper limit along flooding gradients. Instead, our result suggest that different biotic interactions may counteract each other and thus slow down replacement by successive species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Do competition and selective herbivory cause replacement of <i>Phragmites australis</i> by tall forbs?","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:58:19.190595","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"clonal growth; diversity; insect-plant interaction; removal experiment;zonation","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2004,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-17","DateCreate":"2004-03-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000220269500002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.10.006"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":58468,"PubliDate":2004,"Pagination":"217-232","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"78","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42195,"SerRR":"Aquatic Botany. 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