{"refrec":{"BRefID":59192,"RR":"<b>Sykes, A.V.; Domingues, P.M.; Loyd, M.; Sommerfield, A.; Andrade, J.P.</b> (2003). The influence of culture density and enriched environments on the first stage culture of young cuttlefish, <i>Sepia officinalis</i> (Linnaeus, 1758). <i>Aquacult. Int. 11(6)</i>: 531-544. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aqui.0000013262.15437.e4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aqui.0000013262.15437.e4</a>","BEntID":56781,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Int. 11(6)</i>: 531-544. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aqui.0000013262.15437.e4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:aqui.0000013262.15437.e4</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sykes, A.V.; Domingues, P.M.; Loyd, M.; Sommerfield, A.; Andrade, J.P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sykes, A.V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The culture of <i>Sepia officinalis</i> hatchlings and juveniles at different densities and enriched environments was investigated. Experiments were conducted to determine effects of culture density and the use of a substrate on growth and survival. Experiment I studied the effect of three different densities (52, 515 and 1544 hatchlings m<sup>-2</sup>). Experiment II tested the effects of the enriched environment, using a sandy bottom with pvc shelters. Experiment III tested the effects of density on growth, survival, feeding rates and food conversions. Cuttlefish were fed live grass shrimp at rates of 20% body weight per day (BW d<sup>-1</sup>). Grass shrimp (<i>Palaemonetes varians</i>) was supplied ad libitum as food in all experiments. In experiment I, growth was different between the three densities, with highest growth for density of 515 hatchlings m<sup>-2</sup>. IGR was of 8.8, 9.6 and 9.2% BW d<sup>-1</sup> for the three densities tested, respectively. Both groups of experiment II had similar growth. IGR was of 10.1 and 9.7% BW d<sup>-1</sup> for enriched and non-enriched environments, respectively. Densities of 10, 45 and 120 juvenile m<sup>-2</sup> were used in experiment III. Significant differences in feeding rates were only found between densities of 10 and 120 cuttlefish m<sup>-2</sup> during the last week. Results indicate that culture of cuttlefish hatchlings could be done in a non-enriched environment, with densities not exceeding 500 hatchlings m<sup>-2</sup> and minimum bottom areas of about 600 cm<sup>2</sup>. Densities of 120 juveniles m<sup>-2</sup> in a minimum area of about 1083 cm<sup>2</sup> should be considered for juveniles between 5 and 25 g.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The influence of culture density and enriched environments on the first stage culture of young cuttlefish, <i>Sepia officinalis</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-17 01:32:04.442896","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"cuttlefish; density; enriched environments; food conversions; growth","OtherDescriptors":"Cuttlefish, Density, Enriched environments, Food conversions, Growth","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2003,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-09-15","DateCreate":"2004-04-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000188422500002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1023/b:aqui.0000013262.15437.e4"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":59192,"PubliDate":2003,"Pagination":"531-544","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44242,"SerRR":"Aquaculture International. 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