{"refrec":{"BRefID":6242,"RR":"<b>Kubetzki, U.; Garthe, S.; Hüppop, O.</b> (1999). The diet of common gulls <i>Larus canus</i> breeding on the German North Sea coast = Het voedsel van op de Duitse kust broedende stormmeeuwen. <i>Atlant. Seabirds 1(2)</i>: 57-70","BEntID":6242,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Atlant. Seabirds 1(2)</i>: 57-70","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kubetzki, U.; Garthe, S.; Hüppop, O.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kubetzki, U. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The diet of Common Gulls <i>Larus canus</i> was analysed from pellets and faeces during the breeding period in 1995. Three geographically well-separated colonies were selected: one located close to the open North Sea (Amrum Island, Germany), one at the inner edge of the Wadden Sea (Nordstrandischmoor Island, Germany), and one in the tidal river Elbe (Lühesand Island, Germany). The birds fed upon a large variety of food types. In the two colonies adjacent to the sea, prey types from the tidal flats were most numerous (mainly crustaceans, polychaetes, bivalves). Gadids and Smelt Osmerus eperlanus were the fish identified most often, whereas discards from fisheries were relatively important during the early incubation period on Amrum and Nordstrandischmoor. Terrestrial food was also taken (earthworms, insects) but was less important. On Lühesand, in contrast, Common Gulls fed predominantly on terrestrial food (earthworms, insects, mammals and fruits). These birds hardly utilised the river Elbe and associated freshwater tidal flats. The diet changed in all three colonies over the breeding period. The proportion of mammals increased while that of fish and bivalves (only the two colonies close to the coast) decreased. On Lühesand, a considerable proportion of the pellets consisted of cherry stones during the chick-rearing period. Common Gulls were relatively widely distributed in the inner German Bight but all major concentrations were located close to land, chiefly in front of the mouths of the rivers Elbe and Weser. Common Gulls (up to 150 individuals) regularly attended the inshore shrimping vessels.","AbstractOtherLang":"Het voedsel van Stormmeeuwen <i>Larus canus</i> werd in het broedseizoen van 1995 in drie verspreid liggende kolonies in de Duitse Bocht onderzocht aan de hand van braakballen en uitwerpselen. De kolonie van Amrum bevond zich in het overgangsgebied tussen de Noordzee en de Waddenzee, Hallig Nordstrandischmoor bevindt zich in het grensgebied tussen Waddenzee en vasteland, Lühesand is een kolonie op een eilandje in de rivier de Elbe en dit gebied wordt nog juist door het getij beïnvloed. De Stormmeeuwen maakten gebruik van een grote verscheidenheid van voedselbronnen. Stormmeeuwen in de beide aan de kust gesitueerde kolonies foerageerden vooral in de Waddenzee en braakten dus vooral resten van kreeftachtigen Crustacea, borstelwormen Polychaeta en schelpdieren Bivalvia uit. De meest gegeten vissen waren kabeljauwachtigen en Spiering <i>Osmerus eperlanus</i>. Visafval, afkomstig van vissersschepen in het gebied, werd regelmatig aangetroffen in de broedperiode, maar veel minder nadat de jongen uitgekomen waren. Meeuwen van beide kolonies zochten ook voedsel op het land (regenwormen, insecten). Op Lühesand zochten de broedende Stormmeeuwen vrijwel uitsluitend op het land (regenwormen, insecten, kleine zoogdieren en vruchten); de rivier de Elbe met haar droogvallende zandplaten werd vrijwel niet door foeragerende vogels bezocht. In elk van de kolonies veranderde de prooikeuze in de loop van het broedseizoen. Over het algemeen nam het percentage zoogdieren in het dieet toe, terwijl dat van vis en schelpdieren afnam. Op Lühesand bevatten veel braakballen in de kuikenfase kersenpitten,waaruit bleek dat de Stormmeeuwen vaste gasten waren van de omliggende kersenboomgaarden. Stormrneeuwen zijn wijd verbreid in de Duitse Bocht, maar de grootste aantallen komen in de kustwateren en in het Waddengebied voor, vooral in de mondingen van de Elbe en de Weser. Alleen garnalenkotters vlak onder de kust werden door Stormmeeuwen bezocht (maximaal 150 exemplaren tegelijkertijd). Doortrek van Stormmeeuwen in de Duitse Bocht (waarnemingen Helgoland) is sterk in maart en april (noordwaarts), zwak in juli (zuidwaarts) en opnieuw sterk in november (zuidwaarts).","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The diet of common gulls <i>Larus canus</i> breeding on the German North Sea coast = Het voedsel van op de Duitse kust broedende stormmeeuwen","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"dut","OrigTitleLangID":41,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1999,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2012-08-06","DateCreate":"2001-02-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":6242,"PubliDate":1999,"Pagination":"57-70","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"1","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45223,"SerRR":"Atlantic Seabirds. Seabird Group and Dutch Seabird Group: Sandy, Bedfordshire.  ISSN 1388-2511","StandardTitleSer":"Atlantic Seabirds","ISSN":"1388-2511","AbbrevSer":"Atlant. 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