{"refrec":{"BRefID":63831,"RR":"<b>Hohenlohe, P.A.</b> (2004). Limits to gene flow in marine animals with planktonic larvae: models of <i>Littorina</i> species around Point Conception, California. <i>Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 82(2)</i>: 169-187. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00318.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00318.x</a>","BEntID":60377,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 82(2)</i>: 169-187. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00318.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00318.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hohenlohe, P.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hohenlohe, P.A.","Englishabstract":"Simulation models examined the process of gene flow in marine animals with planktonic larvae, and three factors that may influence it: ocean currents, planktonic period and spawning season. To focus on a realistic example, the models were based on measured ocean currents around Point Conception in southern California and the life histories of two intertidal gastropods,<i> Littorina scutulata</i> and <i>L. plena</i>. Results suggested that: (1) convergent ocean currents can create an effective barrier to gene flow that can be relaxed by temporal variation; (2) longer scales of temporal variation have a greater effect than shorter scales; (3) planktonic period has little effect above a minimum duration; and (4) an extended spawning season can eliminate gene flow barriers when currents vary seasonally. Failure of past studies to detect a phylogeographical boundary at Point Conception may be explained by extended spawning seasons and temporal variation at seasonal to millennial scales. These results fit a conceptual model of marine speciation in which short-lived, leaky barriers restrict gene flow, and divergence in a few genes may quickly produce reproductive isolation, resulting in cryptic sibling species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Limits to gene flow in marine animals with planktonic larvae: models of <i>Littorina</i> species around Point Conception, California","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:09.734444","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2004,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-02","DateCreate":"2004-06-30","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000222165100003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00318.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":63831,"PubliDate":2004,"Pagination":"169-187","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"82","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42441,"SerRR":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 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