{"refrec":{"BRefID":64629,"RR":"<b>Vuori, K.A.M.; Soitamo, A.; Vuorinen, P.J.; Nikinmaa, M.</b> (2004). Baltic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) yolk-sac fry mortality is associated with disturbances in the function of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α) and consecutive gene expression. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 68(4)</i>: 301-313. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.019\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.019</a>","BEntID":61117,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 68(4)</i>: 301-313. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.019\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.019</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vuori, K.A.M.; Soitamo, A.; Vuorinen, P.J.; Nikinmaa, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vuori, K.A.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Baltic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) suffer from abnormally high yolk-sac fry mortality designated as M74-syndrome. In 1990s, 25-80% of salmon females, which ascended rivers to spawn, produced yolk-sac fry suffering from the syndrome. Symptoms of M74-affected fry include neurological disturbances, impaired vascular development and abnormal haemorrhages. The latter symptoms are observed in mammalian embryos if the function of hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α), its dimerization partner aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) or target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is disturbed. To study the possible involvement of HIF-1α and its target gene VEGF in the development of the syndrome, we collected healthy and M74-affected wild Baltic salmon yolk-sac fry and analyzed HIF-1 mRNA and protein expression, HIF-1α DNA-binding, target gene VEGF protein expression, and blood vessel density in both groups at different stages of yolk-sac fry development. In addition, since Baltic salmon females contain organochlorine contaminants, which have been suggested to be the cause of M74 syndrome via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent gene expression pathway, we studied AhR protein expression, AhR DNA-binding and target gene CYP1A protein expression. Since the parents of both healthy and M74-affected wild fry will have experienced the organochlorine load from the Baltic Sea, hatchery-reared fry were included in the studies as an additional control. The results show that the vascular defects observed in fry suffering from M74 are associated with reduced DNA-binding activity of HIF-1α and subsequent downregulation of its target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, also AhR function is decreased in diseased fry making it unlikely that symptoms of M74-affected fry would be caused by an upregulation of xenobiotically induced AhR-dependent gene expression pathway.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Baltic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) yolk-sac fry mortality is associated with disturbances in the function of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α) and consecutive gene expression","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:32:52.928458","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Baltic salmon; M74; early mortality syndrome; HIF-1 alpha; AhR","OtherDescriptors":"Baltic salmon; M74; Early mortality syndrome; HIF-1a; AhR","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2004,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-17","DateCreate":"2004-08-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000222092500002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.019"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":64629,"PubliDate":2004,"Pagination":"301-313","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"68","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. 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