{"refrec":{"BRefID":64702,"RR":"<b>Trainer, V.L.; Bill, B.D.</b> (2004). Characterization of a domoic acid binding site from Pacific razor clam. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 69(2)</i>: 125-132. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012</a>","BEntID":61187,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 69(2)</i>: 125-132. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Trainer, V.L.; Bill, B.D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Trainer, V.L.; Bill, B.D.","Englishabstract":"The Pacific razor clam, <i>Siliqua patula</i>, is known to retain domoic acid, a water-soluble glutamate receptor agonist produced by diatoms of the genus <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i>. The mechanism by which razor clams tolerate high levels of the toxin, domoic acid, in their tissues while still retaining normal nerve function is unknown. In our study, a domoic acid binding site was solubilized from razor clam siphon using a combination of Triton X-100 and digitonin. In a Scatchard analysis using [<sup>3</sup>H]kainic acid, the partially-purified membrane showed two distinct receptor sites, a high affinity, low capacity site with a K<sub>D</sub> (mean ± S.E.) of 28 ± 9.4 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 12 ± 3.8 pmol/mg protein and a low affinity, high capacity site with a mM affinity for radiolabeled kainic acid, the latter site which was lost upon solubilization. Competition experiments showed that the rank order potency for competitive ligands in displacing [<sup>3</sup>H]kainate binding from the membrane-bound receptors was quisqualate > ibotenate > IODOWILLARDIINE = AMPA = fluorowillardiine > domoate > kainate > -glutamate. At high micromolar concentrations, NBQX, NMDA and ATPA showed little or no ability to displace [<sup>3</sup>H]kainate. In contrast, Scatchard analysis using [<sup>3</sup>H]glutamate showed linearity, indicating the presence of a single binding site with a K<sub>D</sub> and B<sub>max</sub> of 500 ± 50 nM and 14 ± 0.8 pmol/mg protein, respectively. These results suggest that razor clam siphon contains both a high and low affinity receptor site for kainic acid and may contain more than one subtype of glutamate receptor, thereby allowing the clam to function normally in a marine environment that often contains high concentrations of domoic acid.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Characterization of a domoic acid binding site from Pacific razor clam","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:27.457305","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"domoic acid; kainic acid; razor clam; glutamate receptor; kamate bindingprotein; receptor binding","OtherDescriptors":"Domoic acid; Kainic acid; Razor clam; Glutamate receptor; Kainate binding protein; Receptor binding","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2004,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-02","DateCreate":"2004-08-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000223021200002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":64702,"PubliDate":2004,"Pagination":"125-132","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"69","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. Toxicol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":125,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"Marine Biotoxin Program","Email":"vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov","Line2":null,"EnvName":"USA"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Trainer","Firstname":"Vera","Initials":"V.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61187,"AutID":29465,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bill","Firstname":"Brian","Initials":"B.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61187,"AutID":47676,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":351746,"LibID":36,"BRefID":64702,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"351746","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier Science","City":"Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia"},{"TaxTerm":"Siliqua patula"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":61187,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":61187,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012","externalID":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":2849,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia","AphiaID":149151,"TaxtID":22986},{"TaxTerm":"Siliqua patula","AphiaID":536684,"TaxtID":22942}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Domoic acid","OthtID":2805},{"OtherTerm":"Glutamate receptor","OthtID":9757},{"OtherTerm":"Kainate binding protein","OthtID":10938},{"OtherTerm":"Kainic acid","OthtID":6202},{"OtherTerm":"Razor clams","OthtID":1701},{"OtherTerm":"Receptor binding","OthtID":11751}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":149151,"TaxtID":22986},{"TaxTerm":"Siliqua patula","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":536684,"TaxtID":22942}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Domoic acid","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":2805},{"OtherTerm":"Glutamate receptor","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":9757},{"OtherTerm":"Kainate binding protein","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":10938},{"OtherTerm":"Kainic acid","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":6202},{"OtherTerm":"Razor clams","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":1701},{"OtherTerm":"Receptor binding","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":11751}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2004-08-03 09:14:15.460000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-02 10:15:35.570000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}