{"refrec":{"BRefID":64712,"RR":"<b>Valentine, J.F.; Blythe, E.F.; Madhavan, S.; Sherman, T.D.</b> (2004). Effects of simulated herbivory on nitrogen enzyme levels, assimilation and allocation in <i>Thalassia testudinum</i>. <i>Aquat. Bot. 79(3)</i>: 235-255. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001</a>","BEntID":61197,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 79(3)</i>: 235-255. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Valentine, J.F.; Blythe, E.F.; Madhavan, S.; Sherman, T.D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Valentine, J.F. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Recent estimates suggest that turtlegrass (<i>Thalassia testudinum</i>) can persist while being heavily grazed by smaller herbivores (e.g., sea urchins and bucktooth parrotfish) in many areas of the western North Atlantic. Based on studies conducted in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, we hypothesized that seagrasses compensate for grazer-induced losses of aboveground production by (1) increasing the uptake of growth-limiting nitrogen from the surrounding environment and (2) translocating this newly acquired nitrogen to grazed tissues. We tested our hypotheses by comparing the activity levels of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes (nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS/T)) and the distance of nitrogen translocation, in the roots and leaves of mechanically damaged and undamaged plants. These experiments were repeated along a seasonal productivity gradient (in mid summer, early fall, and late fall). Significantly greater enzyme activity (GS/T) was measured in the roots of clipped plants in all months. NR and GS/T activity was also significantly higher in partially clipped leaves than in unclipped outer leaves in two of three months. The degree of leaf damage had no impact on the enzyme activity of inner (i.e., younger) leaves. Nitrogen-15, as either ammonium or nitrate, was translocated up to 50 cm away from the application point within 48 h. Defoliation, however, did not lead to increased <sup>15</sup>N accumulation in clipped segments, suggesting that turtlegrass does not preferentially translocate nitrogen toward grazed areas.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Effects of simulated herbivory on nitrogen enzyme levels, assimilation and allocation in <i>Thalassia testudinum</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:27.457305","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"glutamine synthetase; glutamine transferase; Gulf of Mexico; N-15;nitrate reductase; seagrass","OtherDescriptors":"Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine transferase; Gulf of Mexico; 15N; Nitrate reductase; Seagrass","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2004,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-02","DateCreate":"2004-08-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000223019100003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":64712,"PubliDate":2004,"Pagination":"235-255","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"79","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42195,"SerRR":"Aquatic Botany. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; Oxford; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0304-3770; e-ISSN 1879-1522","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Botany","ISSN":"0304-3770","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. Bot.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":235,"Pages":21,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36619","Email":"jvalentine@disl.org","Line2":null,"EnvName":"USA"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Valentine","Firstname":"John","Initials":"J.F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61197,"AutID":36204,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Blythe","Firstname":"E. Fennel","Initials":"E.F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61197,"AutID":47685,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Madhavan","Firstname":null,"Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61197,"AutID":47686,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Sherman","Firstname":"Timothy","Initials":"T.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":61197,"AutID":47687,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":351748,"LibID":36,"BRefID":64712,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"351748","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier Science","City":"Tokyo; Oxford; New York; London; Amsterdam"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"AW, West Atlantic","ThestID":183071,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"AW, West Atlantic"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Sea grass","ThestID":7260,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Flora > Weeds > Marine organisms > Seaweeds > Sea grass"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Glutamine synthetase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of Mexico","ThestID":86742,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Gulf of Mexico"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of mexico","ThestID":142110,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Hydrographic features > Gulfs > Western central atlantic > Gulf of mexico"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nitrate reductase","ThestID":155604,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Peptides > Proteins > Enzymes > Oxidoreductases > Nitrate reductase"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"AW, West Atlantic"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of mexico"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of Mexico"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nitrate reductase"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Sea grass"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Thalassia testudinum"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"West Atlantic"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":61197,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":61197,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001","externalID":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.04.001","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":2857,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"AW, West Atlantic","ThestID":183071,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of mexico","ThestID":142110,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of Mexico","ThestID":86742,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nitrate reductase","ThestID":155604,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Sea grass","ThestID":7260,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Thalassia testudinum","AphiaID":374720,"TaxtID":22796}],"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"West Atlantic","GeoObjectID":14291,"GeotID":1355}],"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"15n","OthtID":5044},{"OtherTerm":"Glutamine transferase","OthtID":5955}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"AW, West Atlantic","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":183071,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Glutamine synthetase","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":141201,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of mexico","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":142110,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Gulf of Mexico","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":86742,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nitrate reductase","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":155604,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Sea grass","DutchTerm":"Zeegrassen","ThestID":7260,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Thalassia testudinum","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":374720,"TaxtID":22796}],"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"West Atlantic","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"15n","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":5044},{"OtherTerm":"Glutamine transferase","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":5955}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2004-08-03 09:14:15.460000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-02 10:15:35.570000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}