{"refrec":{"BRefID":6862,"RR":"<b>Obura, D.O.; Muthiga, N.A.; Watson, M.</b> (2000). Kenya, <b><i>in</i></b>: McClanahan, T.R. <i>et al.</i> <i>Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean: their ecology and conservation.</i> pp. 199-229","BEntID":6862,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: McClanahan, T.R. <i>et al.</i> <i>Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean: their ecology and conservation.</i> pp. 199-229","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Obura, D.O.; Muthiga, N.A.; Watson, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Obura, D.O. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In 1989 Kenya’s coastal population was recorded as 1.83 million people, with an annual growth rate of 3.7% (25), of which a large proportion is due to migration of people from other parts of Kenya. Increasing economic activity, due to shipping, freight handling and tourism, provides a strong draw for migrant workers, as well as creating conditions for environmental degradation. Marine resource use is largely unregulated but the establishment, in 1968, of East Africa’s first marine protected areas has provided for the protection and conservation of several reef areas. This has also provided an opportunity for research on the effects of resource use, and the effectiveness of levels of protective management, outlined in the first part of this chapter. 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